Data from: A five gene phylogenetic study of Fuireneae (Cyperaceae) with a revision of Isolepis humillima

Cyperaceae tribe Fuireneae consists of six genera (Actinoscirpus, Pseudoschoenus, Fuirena, Bolboschoenus, Schoenoplectus, and Schoenoplectiella) and approximately 155 species distributed widely across all continents except Antarctica. Recent molecular analyses suggest that Fuireneae is paraphyletic with respect to Cypereae, but limited taxonomic sampling and low branch support have resulted in unresolved relationships among key genera. To address the potential paraphyly of Fuireneae as well as intratribal and intertribal relationships, thirty taxa representing major lineages from the six Fuireneae genera within Cypereae were sequenced for five coding and non-coding regions from the nuclear (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and chloroplast (trnL intron/trnL-trnF spacer; partial ndhF, rbcL and matK genes) genomes. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the dataset strongly support Fuireneae as a grade of three clades: (1) Fuirena, (2) Bolboschoenus and (3) a group composed of Cypereae and the four remaining Fuireneae genera (Schoenoplectus, Schoenoplectiella, Actinoscirpus, and Pseudoschoenus). Individual and combined gene trees consistently position Isolepis humillima within a well supported clade consisting of species in Schoenoplectiella sect. Schoenoplectiella. Based on molecular evidence, we transfer Isolepis humillima to Schoenoplectiella humillima , and suggest that a large-scale revision of tribal limits is required to reflect the natural relationships of the genera currently treated in Fuireneae.

莎草科（Cyperaceae）芙兰草族（Fuireneae）包含6个属（辐射藨草属*Actinoscirpus*、假藨草属*Pseudoschoenus*、芙兰草属*Fuirena*、球茎藨草属*Bolboschoenus*、藨草属*Schoenoplectus*以及小藨草属*Schoenoplectiella*），共计约155个物种，除南极洲外广泛分布于各大洲。近期的分子分析表明，芙兰草族相对于莎草族（Cypereae）为并系群，但因分类采样有限、分支支持度较低，关键属间的系统发育关系仍未明确。为探究芙兰草族潜在的并系性以及族内与族间的系统发育关系，研究人员选取了莎草族内芙兰草族6个属的30个代表类群，对来自核基因组（内转录间隔区，internal transcribed spacer, ITS）与叶绿体基因组（trnL内含子（trnL intron）/trnL-trnF间隔区（trnL-trnF spacer）；部分*ndhF*、*rbcL*及*matK*基因）的5个编码与非编码区域进行了测序。基于该数据集的最大简约法（Maximum parsimony）、最大似然法（Maximum likelihood）与贝叶斯分析结果，均强烈支持芙兰草族为3个支系构成的演化级：（1）芙兰草属，（2）球茎藨草属，以及（3）由莎草族与其余4个芙兰草族属（藨草属、小藨草属、辐射藨草属及假藨草属）组成的类群。单基因树与联合基因树均一致显示，矮球柱草（*Isolepis humillima*）位于一个得到良好支持的支系内，该支系包含小藨草组（*Schoenoplectiella* sect. *Schoenoplectiella*）的物种。基于分子证据，研究人员将矮球柱草（*Isolepis humillima*）转移至小藨草属，组合为*Schoenoplectiella humillima*，并提出需对族级分类界限进行大范围修订，以反映当前芙兰草族内各属的自然演化关系。