Team-based learning in remote teaching of health promotion and education at Medical School

Abstract: Introduction: Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a method widely used in the teaching of health promotion as it instigates the exercise of skills such as leadership, teamwork and decision-making. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a general need to adapt medical education to the remote environment. Thus, the objective of this article is to describe the experience of adapting a curricular component of Public Health to the online scenario, maintaining TBL as a teaching-learning methodology of health promotion, even during the pandemic. Experience Report: The method was applied through videoconferences and a platform with resources for the application of tests according to the TBL format. With the meetings, students developed essential skills about health promotion, such as salutogenesis, the illness metaphor during the process of getting sick, prevention and health education. Discussion: TBL develops students’ skills such as teamwork, leadership and dialogue. These competencies are prescribed in the National Curricular Guidelines for undergraduate medical training, and are essential in the practice of health promotion. Furthermore, the discipline promoted a salutogenic construction of the students’ capacities, developing skills based on their potential, just as in an operational group. Also, the application of TBL allowed the continued smooth teaching of health promotion despite the remote learning scenario, because this methodology encourages active learning and offers the possibility of applying the knowledge obtained in practical situations. The main limitations of the experience were difficulties encountered in accessing distance learning platforms, the limitations to non-verbal communication and the control over consultation materials during the execution of each stage. Conclusion: The adaptation of the TBL method to the remote scenario stimulated the practice of communicative and argumentative skills that are essential to the work with operative groups in the community and allowed students to apply the learned concepts in practical situations, despite the remote learning environment.

摘要：
引言：基于团队学习法（Team-Based Learning，TBL）在健康促进教学中应用广泛，因其可激发学生锻炼领导力、团队协作与决策制定等技能。随着新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行的暴发，医学教育向远程环境转型成为普遍需求。为此，本文旨在阐述将公共卫生课程模块适配线上教学场景的实践经验，即在疫情期间仍以TBL作为健康促进的教与学方法。

实践经验：该方法通过视频会议及支持TBL模式测试的教学平台开展实施。通过各项教学活动，学生掌握了健康促进领域的核心技能，如健康生成理论（salutogenesis）、患病过程中的疾病隐喻、疾病预防与健康教育。

讨论：TBL可培养学生的团队协作、领导力与沟通对话等能力。这些能力在《医学本科教育国家课程指南》中已有明确要求，且是健康促进实践的必备能力。此外，本课程助力学生构建健康生成视角下的能力体系，如同运营团队一般，基于学生自身潜力发展相关技能。同时，尽管处于远程学习场景，TBL的应用仍保障了健康促进课程的平稳开展，因其倡导主动学习，并为学生将所学知识应用于实际场景提供了可能。本次实践的主要局限在于：远程教学平台访问存在障碍、非语言沟通受限，以及各环节实施过程中对参考资料的管控存在困难。

结论：将TBL适配远程教学场景，可锻炼学生的沟通与论证技能，这些技能对于社区运营团队的工作至关重要；同时，即便处于远程学习环境，学生仍能将所学概念应用于实际场景。