Artes: Modeling Water Resources Management in Los Angeles

Modeling Integrated Water Resources in Los Angeles

"The history of the growth and development of Los Angeles... reveals its conscious use of water as a tool to build the 'great metropolis of the Pacific'"
-- Vincent Ostrom, 1962

Welcome to the repository for Artes, an integrated model of urban water resources in metropolitan Los Angeles (LA). It evaluates the potential for enhanced local water supplies in LA.

Los Angeles (LA) relies on large infrastructure systems that import water over hundreds of miles. Communities in LA face a future of increased water scarcity and reduced imports. Hundreds of water agencies serve nearly 10 million people within the county. Laws, institutions, and hydrogeology all influence the capacity of these agencies to adapt to future changes. To analyze the potential for future local water reliance and resilience, we used systems analysis of urban water management in metropolitan LA County to assess opportunities for increasing local water reliance. We developed a detailed network flow model to investigate management tradeoffs across engineered, social, and environmental systems.

The model and its underlying data have been used to produce 11 peer-reviewed studies. Model outputs and methods have also informed numerous regional studies and plans, including:
- the LA County Sustainability Plan,
- UCLA's Los Angeles Environmental Report Card,
- the Santa Monica Groundwater Sustainability Plan's evaluation of integrated basin management options,
- California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment (Los Angeles Regional section).

The model is a product of the California Center for Sustainable Communities at UCLA.

Cast and Crew:
Erik Porse, Stephanie Pincetl, Katie Mika, Mark Gold, Madelyn Glickfeld, Eric Fournier, Kartiki Naik, Terri Hogue, Kimberly Manago, Diane Pataki, Liza Litvak

What's In This Repository?
The repository contains source code, data, and a descriptive manual of the model.

Acknowledgements:
This work was supported by the Water Sustainability, & Climate Program at the National Science Foundation (NSF Award # 1204235), the Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation, and the John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation.

Citing the Model:
Porse, E. (2022). Artes: Modeling Water Resources Management in Los Angeles, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/c2a8bb7e07b3409995c90a86120b2a9f

Research Studies:
Porse, Erik C., Kathryn B. Mika, Alvar Escriva-Bou, Eric Fournier, Kelly T. Sanders, Edward Spang, Jennifer Stokes-Draut, Felicia Federico, Mark Gold, and Stephanie Pincetl. “Systems Analysis of Energy Use for Urban Water Management by Utilities and Households in Los Angeles”. Environmental Research Communications. 2020: 2.1

Porse, Erik and Stephanie Pincetl. (2018). “Effects of Stormwater Capture and Use on Urban Streamflows.” Water Resources Management. 33.2 (2019): 713-723.

Porse, Erik. (2019). "Merging Network Governance and Systems Analysis for Urban Water Management." Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems. 2019: 1-19.

Pincetl, Stephanie, Thomas W. Gillespie, Diane E. Pataki, Erik Porse, Shenyue Jia, Erika Kidera, Nick Nobles, Janet Rodriguez, and Dong-ah Choi. (2019) "Evaluating the effects of turf-replacement programs in Los Angeles." Landscape and Urban Planning. 185: 210-221.

Pincetl, Stephanie, Erik Porse, Kathryn B. Mika, Elizabeth Litvak, Kim Manago, Kartiki Naik, Terri Hogue, Mark Gold, Tom Gillespie, and Diane Pataki. (2018). “Adapting Urban Water Systems to Manage Scarcity in the 21st Century: The Case of Los Angeles.” Environmental Management. 63.3. pgs 293-308

Porse, E., Mika, K. B., Williams, R., Gold, M., Blomquist, W., & Pincetl, S. (2018). “Groundwater Exchange Pools and Urban Water Supply Sustainability: Modeling Directed and Undirected Networks.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(8)

Porse, Erik, Kathryn B. Mika, Elizaveta Litvak, Kimberly F. Manago, Terri S. Hogue, Mark Gold, Diane E. Pataki, and Stephanie Pincetl. (2018). “The Economic Value of Local Water Supplies in Los Angeles.” Nature Sustainability, May.

Porse, Erik. (2018). “Open Data and Stormwater Infrastructure in Los Angeles: Implications for Green Infrastructure and Sustainability”. Local Environment. 1-13.

Porse, Erik C., Kathryn B. Mika, Elizabeth Litvak, Kim Manago, Kartiki Naik, Madelyn Glickfeld, Terri Hogue, Mark Gold, Diane Pataki, and Stephanie Pincetl. (2017). “Systems Analysis and Optimization of Local Water Supplies in Los Angeles.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 143(9).

Pincetl, Stephanie, Erik C. Porse, and Deborah Cheng (2016). “Fragmented Flows: Water Supply in Los Angeles County”. Environmental Management. 58(2). Pg. 208-222

Porse, Erik C., Madelyn Glickfeld, Keith Mertan, and Stephanie Pincetl. (2015) “Pumping for the Masses: Evolution of Groundwater Rights in Metropolitan Los Angeles.” Geojournal.

# 洛杉矶综合水资源建模

"洛杉矶的成长与发展历程……彰显了其有意识地将水资源作为打造‘太平洋大都会’的工具"
——文森特·奥斯特罗姆（Vincent Ostrom），1962年

欢迎来到Artes模型的代码仓库，Artes是面向洛杉矶都会区的城市水资源综合模型，旨在评估洛杉矶提升本地供水能力的潜力。

洛杉矶依赖跨数百英里输水的大型基础设施系统，未来将面临水资源短缺加剧、外来供水减少的困境。该县境内数百家供水机构服务近千万人口，法律框架、制度体系与水文地质条件均会影响这些机构适应未来变化的能力。为分析本地供水依赖与韧性的未来发展潜力，我们针对洛杉矶都会区城市水资源管理开展系统分析，评估提升本地供水依赖度的可行机遇。本研究构建了精细的网络流（network flow）模型，以探究工程、社会与环境系统间的管理权衡关系。

本模型及其基础数据集已支撑11篇同行评议研究的发表，其成果与方法还为多项区域研究与规划提供了决策参考，包括：
- 洛杉矶县可持续发展规划
- 加州大学洛杉矶分校（University of California, Los Angeles, 简称UCLA）《洛杉矶环境报告卡》
- 圣莫尼卡地下水可持续规划对综合流域管理方案的评估
- 加州第四次气候变化评估（洛杉矶区域章节）

本模型由加州大学洛杉矶分校加州可持续社区中心研发。

## 项目团队
Erik Porse、Stephanie Pincetl、Katie Mika、Mark Gold、Madelyn Glickfeld、Eric Fournier、Kartiki Naik、Terri Hogue、Kimberly Manago、Diane Pataki、Liza Litvak

## 仓库内容说明
本仓库包含模型的源代码、基础数据集与详细说明手册。

## 致谢
本研究得到美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation, 简称NSF）水可持续性与气候项目（资助编号# 1204235）、洛杉矶卫生局以及约翰·伦道夫·海恩斯与多拉·海恩斯基金会的支持。

## 模型引用格式
Porse, E. (2022). Artes: Modeling Water Resources Management in Los Angeles, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/c2a8bb7e07b3409995c90a86120b2a9f

## 已发表相关研究
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5. 斯蒂芬妮·平塞特尔、埃里克·波尔斯、凯瑟琳·B·米卡、伊丽莎白·利特瓦克、金·马纳戈、卡尔蒂基·奈克、特丽·霍格、马克·戈德、托马斯·吉莱斯皮、黛安·帕塔基. (2018). 《21世纪城市水系统应对缺水的适配路径：以洛杉矶为例》，《环境管理》，63卷第3期，第293-308页
6. 波尔斯E.、米卡K.B.、威廉姆斯R.、戈德M.、布隆奎斯特W.、平塞特尔S. (2018). 《地下水交换池与城市供水可持续性：有向与无向网络建模》，《水资源规划与管理杂志》，144卷第8期
7. 埃里克·波尔斯、凯瑟琳·B·米卡、伊丽莎白·利特瓦克、金伯利·F·马纳戈、特丽·S·霍格、马克·戈德、黛安·E·帕塔基、斯蒂芬妮·平塞特尔. (2018). 《洛杉矶本地供水的经济价值》，《自然·可持续性》，5月刊
8. 埃里克·波尔斯. (2018). 《洛杉矶的开放数据与雨水基础设施：绿色基础设施与可持续性的启示》，《地方环境》，1-13页
9. 埃里克·C·波尔斯、凯瑟琳·B·米卡、伊丽莎白·利特瓦克、金·马纳戈、卡尔蒂基·奈克、玛德琳·格利克菲尔德、特丽·霍格、马克·戈德、黛安·帕塔基、斯蒂芬妮·平塞特尔. (2017). 《洛杉矶本地供水的系统分析与优化》，《水资源规划与管理杂志》，143卷第9期
10. 斯蒂芬妮·平塞特尔、埃里克·C·波尔斯、黛博拉·程. (2016). 《碎片化的水流：洛杉矶县的供水系统》，《环境管理》，58卷第2期，第208-222页
11. 埃里克·C·波尔斯、玛德琳·格利克菲尔德、基思·默坦、斯蒂芬妮·平塞特尔. (2015). 《为大众供水：洛杉矶都会区地下水使用权的演变》，《地理期刊》