BIORREMEDIATION OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT USING MICROALGAE

National industrial effluent remediation strategies are largely outdated, which makes these processes costly and at the same time inefficient. Among the most worrying compounds are heavy metals, which have bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics to living beings. In addition to these, high nutrient loads constitute a huge environmental problem, since the devastation promoted by eutrophic niches is capable of disrupting complex food chains. This paper presents a bibliographical review of the current researches that are applying biomass from microalgae in effluent bioremediation, both domestic and industrial (mainly the latter, since its pollution potential is abruptly greater). Such strategy is interesting since the diversity of these microorganisms is abundant, propitiating the application of them in various conditions. Another point to be taken into consideration is the fact that many species of microalgae produce large amounts of lipids, many of which have potential application in the production of biodiesel.当前各国工业废水修复策略大多滞后过时，此类处理流程不仅成本高企，且效率低下。其中最令人担忧的污染物当属重金属，这类物质具备生物累积性，并会对生物体产生毒性。除此之外，高营养盐负荷亦是一类严峻的环境问题，富营养化生境所诱发的生态破坏，足以破坏复杂的食物链网络。本文针对当前将微藻（microalgae）生物质应用于生活与工业废水生物修复的前沿研究展开文献综述，鉴于工业废水的污染潜能显著更高，相关研究多以工业废水修复为核心对象。该修复策略具备显著优势：这类微生物物种多样性丰富，可适配多种应用场景。此外，多数微藻物种可大量合成脂质，其中诸多脂质具备用于制备生物柴油的应用潜力。