Spectroscopy of elementary excitations from quench dynamics in a dipolar XY Rydberg simulator

We use a Rydberg quantum simulator to demonstrate a new form of spectroscopy, called quench spectroscopy, which probes the low-energy excitations of a many-body system. We illustrate the method on a two-dimensional simulation of the spin-1/2 dipolar XY model. Through micro- scopic measurements of the spatial spin correlation dynamics following a quench, we extract the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations for both ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic cou- plings. We observe qualitatively different behaviors between the two cases that result from the long-range nature of the interactions, and the frustration inherent in the antiferromagnet. In particular, the ferromagnet exhibits elementary excitations behaving as linear spin waves. In the anti-ferromagnet, spin waves appear to decay, suggesting the presence of strong nonlinear- ities. Our demonstration highlights the importance of power-law interactions on the excitation spectrum of a many-body system., , # Spectroscopy of elementary excitations from quench dynamics in a dipolar XY Rydberg simulator

Dataset DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q83bk3jts](< https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q83bk3jts>)

## Description of the data and file structure

These files contain all the data for the figures in the article, including Figure 1.xlsx, Figure 2.xlsx, Figure 3.xlsx and Figure 4.xlsx.

#### Data Organization in Excel Files:

For clarity and consistency, data in Excel files (e.g., Figure 1.xlsx) are structured to align with figures in the paper. Each file contains multiple labeled sheets (e.g., panel C, panel D), with distinct naming conventions to differentiate data types:

* Experimental data: Sheets or variables include the label \"data\" (e.g., *panel E_data_(nx,ny)=(1,0)*). This denotes experimental results for panel E of Figure 1 under the condition (nx, ny) = (1, 0).

- Theoretical methods: Sheets or variables use labels like \"tVMC\" (time-dependent variational Monte Carlo) or \"LSW OBC\" (...,

我们利用里德伯量子模拟器（Rydberg quantum simulator）演示了一种名为淬灭光谱学（quench spectroscopy）的新型光谱技术，该技术可用于探测多体系统（many-body system）的低能元激发。我们在自旋1/2偶极XY模型（spin-1/2 dipolar XY model）的二维模拟中展示了该方法的应用。通过对淬灭后空间自旋关联动力学的微观测量，我们提取出铁磁耦合（ferromagnetic couplings）与反铁磁耦合（anti-ferromagnetic couplings）体系的元激发色散关系（dispersion relation）。我们观测到两种耦合体系下存在定性差异的行为，这源于相互作用的长程特性以及反铁磁体系固有的阻挫（frustration）效应。具体而言，铁磁体系的元激发表现为线性自旋波（linear spin waves）；而在反铁磁体系中，自旋波似乎发生衰减，这表明体系中存在强非线性（nonlinearities）效应。我们的演示工作凸显了幂律相互作用（power-law interactions）对多体系统激发谱（excitation spectrum）的重要影响。

# 偶极XY里德伯模拟器中基于淬灭动力学的元激发光谱学

数据集DOI：[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q83bk3jts]

## 数据与文件结构说明
本数据集包含论文中所有配图的原始数据，包括Figure 1.xlsx、Figure 2.xlsx、Figure 3.xlsx及Figure 4.xlsx。

### Excel文件内的数据组织方式
为保证清晰性与一致性，Excel文件（如Figure 1.xlsx）中的数据结构与论文配图一一对应。每个文件包含多个带标签的工作表（例如panel C、panel D），并通过差异化命名规则区分不同类型的数据：
- 实验数据：工作表或变量包含标签"data"（例如*panel E_data_(nx,ny)=(1,0)*），该标签代表图1面板E在(nx, ny)=(1,0)条件下的实验结果。
- 理论方法：工作表或变量使用"tVMC"（时间依赖变分蒙特卡洛，time-dependent variational Monte Carlo）或"LSW OBC"（……）等标签