Benefits of physical exercise on Parkinson’s disease disorders induced in animal models

Abstract Aim: The preventive and therapeutic role of physical exercise in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been the target of study of many scientific groups, and the research often is done in experimental models, especially rodents. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze a database, elucidating the main benefits that the systematized practice of physical activity/ exercises can contribute to PD in animal models. Method: Based on this question, a search on PubMed and Medline database containing the terms: “Parkinson’s disease” AND “animal model” AND “physical exercise” was performed. The most pertinent studies were selected by the criteria year of publication (2009- 2018) and the original article. It was used papers involving animal models and physical exercises, as well as other studies, which allowed an introductory explanation in PD, covering its pathophysiology, and the neurochemical responses of physical exercise in rodents. Results: The results showed that there was a decrease in the levels of nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and an increase in the neuroprotective effect related to the training program. Conclusion: It was concluded that physical exercise has been pointed as an important neuroprotective strategy in animal models of Parkinson’s disease, especially those applied at moderate intensities, which were effective in reducing the inflammatory profile, elevating the expression of genes and proteins related to neuronal restoration, mitochondrial biogenesis, repair of the dopaminergic system, besides other events also capable of reflecting improvements in motor and cognitive behavior of animals.

研究目的：运动锻炼对帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease，PD）的预防与治疗价值一直是诸多科研团队的研究热点，此类研究多依托实验动物模型开展，尤以啮齿类动物（rodents）最为常用。本综述旨在通过对相关数据库的系统分析，阐明系统化体育活动/运动锻炼对帕金森病动物模型的核心获益。
研究方法：基于上述研究问题，我们在PubMed与Medline数据库中进行了文献检索，检索式为："Parkinson’s disease" AND "animal model" AND "physical exercise"。按照发表年份（2009-2018年）及原创性研究的标准筛选出最具相关性的文献。纳入研究涵盖涉及帕金森病动物模型与运动锻炼的实验论文，同时纳入可用于帕金森病病理机制入门阐释的相关文献，内容覆盖其病理生理学机制，以及啮齿类动物运动锻炼的神经化学响应相关内容。
研究结果：结果显示，运动训练可降低黑质纹状体通路的神经退行性程度，并增强与训练方案相关的神经保护效应。
研究结论：综上，运动锻炼已被证实为帕金森病动物模型中重要的神经保护策略，其中中等强度的运动方案效果最为显著。此类运动可有效降低机体炎症反应水平，上调与神经元修复、线粒体生物发生（mitochondrial biogenesis）、多巴胺能系统（dopaminergic system）修复相关的基因与蛋白表达，同时还可引发其他多项生理事件，进而改善动物的运动与认知行为表现。