Piglet Gut Microbiome Raw sequence reads. pig gut metagenome

Two replicate experiments with 64 newborn piglets each were conducted to study the effect of live yeast S. cerevisiae supplementation on the zootechnical performance and hindgut microbial profile of piglets. Piglets were divided into two groups and received either live yeast (Yeast) or sterile water (Con) by oral gavage starting from day one of age. Pigs were weaned at 25.6+1.4 days of age and one half the piglets in each treatment group started to receive a diet supplemented with yeast (Con-Yeast and Yeast-Yeast) or the same diet without supplement (Con-Con and Yeast-Con). Performance parameters were collected every week until 56 days of age when selected pigs were euthanized to collect intestinal content for microbial ecology studies. Pigs supplemented with live yeast either in the pre-weaning period (Yeast-Con) or in both the pre- and post-weaning period (Yeast-Yeast), heavier (P<0.0001) than the piglets that received sterile water during the pre-weaning period. Similarly, yeast supplementation during the pre-weaning period significantly increased average daily weight gain (P<0.0001) and feed intake (P=0.0002) in post-weaning piglets as compared to the pre-weaning control group. There was also an overall increase in FCR during the post-weaning study period (P=0.03) in pigs that received yeast supplementation during the pre-weaning period. No interaction between pre- and post-weaning yeast supplementation was observed. While alpha-diversity metrics of microbiota was not significantly different among the four different treatment groups in the post-weaning period, yeast supplementation significantly affected the microbial community structure between groups (β-diversity) both in cecum (P=0.0018) and proximal colon (P=0.0003). Moreover, members of the phylum Firmicutes were increased with yeast supplementation and were positively correlated with ADG and FCR, while bacteria that belong to phylum Bacteroidetes were decreased with yeast supplementation and were negatively correlated with the performance parameters. Comparison of predicted microbial genes (PICRUSt) revealed several microbial metabolism pathways, including protein metabolism and amino acid synthesis that were enriched by yeast supplementation. In conclusion, pre-weaning yeast supplementation of piglets improved post-weaning performance of piglets and modified the microbial community structure in the hind gut.

本研究开展2组重复实验，每组包含64头新生仔猪，旨在探究活酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）补饲对仔猪生长性能及后肠道微生物群落特征的影响。仔猪按组随机分为两个初始处理组，自出生第1日起通过口服灌胃分别给予活酿酒酵母（Yeast）或无菌水（Con）。仔猪于25.6±1.4日龄时断奶，每个初始处理组的半数仔猪后续分别饲喂添加酵母的日粮（对应亚组为Con-Yeast与Yeast-Yeast），或不添加酵母的基础日粮（对应亚组为Con-Con与Yeast-Con）。每周记录生长性能指标，直至仔猪饲养至56日龄，随后对选定仔猪实施安乐死，采集肠道内容物用于微生物生态学研究。相较于断奶前饲喂无菌水的仔猪，断奶前补饲活酿酒酵母的仔猪（仅断奶前补饲的Yeast-Con组，或断奶前与断奶后均补饲的Yeast-Yeast组）体重均显著更高（P<0.0001）。同样，与断奶前饲喂无菌水的对照组相比，断奶前补饲酵母可显著提高断奶后仔猪的平均日增重（average daily weight gain，ADG）与采食量（P=0.0002）。断奶前补饲酵母的仔猪，其断奶后阶段的料重比（feed conversion ratio，FCR）整体显著升高（P=0.03）。未观察到断奶前与断奶后酵母补饲之间存在显著交互作用。尽管断奶后四个处理组的微生物群落α多样性指数（alpha-diversity）无显著差异，但酵母补饲可显著改变各组的微生物群落结构（β多样性，beta-diversity），该效应在盲肠（cecum，P=0.0018）与近端结肠（proximal colon，P=0.0003）中均显著存在。此外，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）成员在酵母补饲组中丰度升高，且与平均日增重及料重比呈正相关；而拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）成员丰度则随酵母补饲降低，且与生长性能指标呈负相关。通过PICRUSt工具对预测微生物基因进行比较分析后发现，酵母补饲可显著富集多种微生物代谢通路，涵盖蛋白质代谢与氨基酸合成等通路。综上，仔猪断奶前补饲活酿酒酵母可改善其断奶后的生长性能，并改变其后肠道微生物群落结构。