Ethnobotanical knowledge of Olinda’s historical site’s inhabitants, Natural and Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Abstract Olinda (Pernambuco, Brazil) has been declared Natural and Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Considering the ethnobotanical knowledge associated with the local population as an intangible part of this heritage, we evaluated the relation between knowledge richness of the inhabitants from the Olinda and useful plants diversity in their homes. The association of useful plant richness with the available green areas was verified, as well as inhabited periods and richness of knowledge. We interviewed 11 men and 37 women aged 18 or older living in 48 homes, in the Olinda's neighborhoods, 12 per neighborhood: Amparo, Bonsucesso and Carmo, in the historical site, as well as Ouro Preto, located in its outskirts. The total number of 346 species cited by the interviewees, 88% cultivated and 35%native, are used for landscaping (246spp), health care (81spp) and nourishment (80spp). No remarkable difference has been observed among the four neighborhoods; ornamental and medical applications were the predominant categories in use. The knowledge of inhabitants and available green area were the most influential factors for the sorting of plants in homes.

摘要：巴西伯南布哥州的奥林达已被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列入世界自然与文化遗产名录。鉴于与当地民众相关的民族植物学知识是该遗产的非物质组成部分，本研究评估了奥林达居民的知识丰富度与其家庭中有用植物多样性之间的关联，并验证了有用植物丰富度与可利用绿地面积、居民居住时长以及知识丰富度之间的相关性。本次研究共走访了奥林达历史城区的安帕罗（Amparo）、邦苏塞苏（Bonsucesso）、卡尔莫（Carmo）三个街区以及郊区的欧鲁普雷图（Ouro Preto），每个街区选取12户家庭，总计48户；受访对象为48名18岁及以上居民，其中男性11名、女性37名。受访者共计提及346个植物物种，其中88%为栽培物种，35%为本土物种，这些植物的用途涵盖园林绿化（246种）、医疗保健（81种）与食用用途（80种）。四个街区之间未观测到显著差异；观赏与医疗用途为最主要的应用类别。居民的知识储备与可利用绿地面积是影响家庭栽培植物遴选的最关键因素。