Risk factors associated with stillbirth in sows

ABSTRACT: In this study, the risk factors associated with stillbirth in sows were identified and their odds ratio assessed. For this purpose, 587 farrowings on Farm A and 929 on Farm B were monitored, and the sow parity, body condition score, farrowing duration, total number of piglets born, numbers of live births, stillbirths, and mummified piglets, obstetric interventions, and piglet sex and weight were recorded. At the end of farrowing, piglets classified as stillborn were necropsied to confirm the diagnosis. Consequently, 5.49% of the piglets on Farm A and 5.10% of those on Farm B were stillborn. On both farms, sows with a high parity, prolonged farrowing, and a large litter size had the highest odds ratio of stillbirths. On Farm B, farrowing intervention through the use of vaginal palpation and oxytocin increased the odds of stillbirth by 1.7 and 2.5 times, respectively. Heavy litters increased the odds of stillbirth by 1.4 times. Additionally, low-birth-weight piglets were 2.3 and 3.1 times more likely than their medium-birth-weight and high-birth-weight counterparts, respectively, to be stillborn. In conclusion, on both farms, the risk factors associated with stillbirth were a high parity, a large litter size, and prolonged farrowing.

摘要：本研究旨在鉴定母猪死胎相关危险因素，并评估其优势比（Odds Ratio, OR）。为此，本研究监测了A场的587窝产仔、B场的929窝产仔，并记录了母猪胎次、体况评分（Body Condition Score, BCS）、产程、总产仔数、活产仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎数、产科干预措施以及仔猪性别与体重。产仔结束后，对被判定为死胎的仔猪进行剖检以确认诊断结果。据此，A场仔猪死胎率为5.49%，B场为5.10%。两个猪场中，高胎次、产程延长以及产仔数较多的母猪死胎优势比最高。在B场，通过阴道触诊和催产素实施的产仔干预分别使死胎风险升高1.7倍和2.5倍。产仔数较多的窝次使死胎风险升高1.4倍。此外，低出生体重仔猪的死胎风险分别为中等出生体重和高出生体重仔猪的2.3倍和3.1倍。综上，两个猪场中与母猪死胎相关的危险因素均为高胎次、产仔数较多以及产程延长。