Item fit statistics for the SEXA scale.

Background Adverse childhood experiences, such as abuse, maltreatment or neglect, can lead to many mental disorders and emotional and social difficulties. Objective The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the ‘Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure’ (MACE) questionnaire to Polish socio-cultural conditions. Participants and setting The study involved 330 adult, white people (60.8% women); aged between 18 and 86 years (M = 41.01; SD = 14.67), with and without a psychiatric diagnosis. Methods Convergent validity was assessed by comparing MACE (PL) scores with the CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and ACE (Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire), while predictive validity was determined by examining the relationships between MACE (PL) scores and the SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90). The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using Rasch analysis, which evaluated item fit, difficulty, and person separation. Internal consistency was measured using the Kuder Richardson coefficient (KR-20). The Polish version of MACE demonstrated good reliability, as indicated by high internal consistency (KR-20) and findings from Rasch analysis. Results The Polish version of MACE, after analysis, included a total of 58 items combined into 10 scales. The Polish version of the scale showed high internal consistency, measured using the Kuder-Richardson formula (KR-20). The results of the Polish version of MACE showed strong and positive correlations with the scores of CTQ and ACE. These correlations were particularly evident for the overall MACE scores and subscales such as MACE SUM, MACE Multiplicity, and MACE Duration. Correlations for physical neglect and emotional neglect were moderate but statistically significant (r = 0.49, p 0.8). Conclusion The Polish version of MACE demonstrates solid convergent validity, predictive validity, and psychometric reliability, making it a valuable tool for assessing experiences of maltreatment and neglect during childhood in both research and clinical practice. Assessing the history of adverse childhood experiences using the MACE can provide a more precise understanding of how the type and timing of these experiences influence outcomes. This, in turn, sheds light on the mechanisms underlying health and the common pathways contributing to overlapping symptom spectrums. In summary, the MACE appears to be a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers aiming to retrospectively assess the types, timing, and duration of childhood maltreatment experiences during sensitive developmental periods in adulthood.## 研究背景 童年不良经历，如虐待、不当对待或忽视，可引发多种精神障碍以及情绪与社交功能障碍。 ## 研究目的 本研究旨在针对波兰社会文化背景，对「童年虐待与暴露时序量表（Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure, MACE）」进行文化适配与效度验证。 ## 研究对象与研究场景 本研究共纳入330名成年白人受试者，其中女性占比60.8%；年龄跨度为18至86岁（均值M=41.01；标准差SD=14.67），涵盖有精神疾病诊断与无精神疾病诊断两类人群。 ## 研究方法 采用会聚效度检验：将波兰版MACE得分与儿童创伤问卷（Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ）、不良童年经历问卷（Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire, ACE）得分进行对比分析；同时通过检验波兰版MACE得分与症状自评量表90（Symptom Checklist-90, SCL-90）的关联，验证其预测效度。使用拉什分析（Rasch analysis）评估该量表的心理测量学属性，包括项目拟合度、难度参数以及个体区分度。内部一致性采用库德-理查逊系数（Kuder Richardson coefficient, KR-20）进行测算。 ## 研究结果 经分析，波兰版MACE共包含58个条目，划分为10个分量表。该量表展现出良好的内部一致性，库德-理查逊系数（KR-20）结果与拉什分析结果均支持这一结论。波兰版MACE得分与CTQ、ACE得分呈显著正相关，其中MACE总分以及MACE总得分、MACE多样性、MACE持续时间等分量表的相关性尤为突出；躯体忽视与情感忽视维度的相关系数处于中等水平，但具有统计学意义（r = 0.49, p 0.8）。 ## 研究结论 波兰版MACE具备良好的会聚效度、预测效度与心理测量学信度，可作为研究与临床实践中评估童年期虐待与忽视经历的有效工具。采用MACE评估童年不良经历史，能够更精准地理解此类经历的类型与时序如何影响个体结局，进而揭示健康相关机制以及重叠症状谱的共同致病通路。综上，MACE可为临床医师与研究者回顾性评估成年人群在敏感发育阶段所经历的童年虐待经历的类型、时序与持续时间提供可靠的测评工具。