Supplementary Material for: Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in Iranian Adults: Cross-Sectional Study Using Data from the 2016 STEPS Survey

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This paper outlines the prevalence, disparities, and social determinants of preobesity and obesity in Iranian adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data on 28,321 adults who participated in the 2016 National Survey of the Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases (STEPS) survey were analyzed. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from physically measured height and weight. To assess the association between sociodemographic factors and the prevalence of preobesity and obesity, a χ² test and a logistic regression model were used. Socioeconomic inequality was quantified by a concentration index. Disparities in provincial mean BMI and concentration indices were shown on the map of Iran using geographic information system analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 60.3% of the participants were affected by preobesity or obesity. The preobesity prevalence was 39% in men and 35.2% in women. The obesity prevalence was 15.6% in men and 30.4% in women. The mean BMI for the country was 26.5. Higher ranges were observed across the northwestern and central territories. Female individuals in the age group 48–57 years who were married and lived in urban settings had an increased risk of being preobese or obese. The concentration index revealed a prorich inequality, with a greater magnitude among women. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing preobesity and obesity should remain a public health priority in Iran. However, a greater emphasis should be placed on the northwestern and central territories and on higher socioeconomic groups.

<b><i>引言：</i></b> 本文阐述了伊朗成年人肥胖前期（preobesity）与肥胖症（obesity）的流行现状、分布差异及社会决定因素。<b><i>方法：</i></b> 本研究对2016年非传染性疾病危险因素全国调查（STEPS）中28321名成年人的数据进行了分析。研究人员通过实测身高与体重计算体质指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）。为评估社会人口学因素与肥胖前期、肥胖症患病率之间的关联，本研究采用卡方检验（χ² test）与逻辑回归模型（logistic regression model）开展分析。社会经济不平等程度通过集中指数（concentration index）进行量化。本研究借助地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）分析，将各省平均BMI与集中指数的分布差异可视化呈现于伊朗地图中。<b><i>结果：</i></b> 总体而言，60.3%的受试者存在肥胖前期或肥胖症。男性肥胖前期患病率为39%，女性为35.2%；男性肥胖患病率为15.6%，女性为30.4%。全国平均BMI为26.5。伊朗西北部与中部地区的BMI水平普遍偏高。年龄介于48~57岁、已婚且居住于城市地区的女性群体，其发生肥胖前期或肥胖症的风险显著升高。集中指数结果显示存在亲富人型不平等，且女性群体的不平等程度更为突出。<b><i>结论：</i></b> 研究结果提示，防控肥胖前期与肥胖症的相关政策仍应作为伊朗公共卫生工作的核心要务。不过，相关工作需进一步向伊朗西北部与中部地区，以及社会经济地位较高的群体倾斜。