International Social Survey Programme: Religion II - ISSP 1998

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about religion and religious identity.<br>Assessment of personal happiness;
assessment of the responsibility of the government
regarding creation of jobs and equalization of incomes;
attitude to pre-marital as well as extra-marital sexual intercourse;
attitude to homosexuality and abortion;
judgement on distributoion of roles in marriage and attitude to working women;
attitude to living together with a partner before marriage
also without intent to marry;
tax honesty and attitude to honesty of citizens towards the government;
trust in other people as well as institutions such as parliament,
businesses, industry, churches, judiciary and schools;
attitude to influence of church leaders on voters and governments;
attitude to benefit of modern science;
greater trust in science than in religion;
more conflicts instead of peace from religions;
intolerance of very religious people;
too much influence of religion in one´s country;
frequency of personal honorary activities in the last year
in political, charitable, religious or other organizations;
judgement on the power of churches and religious organizations;
doubt or firm belief in God;
perceived nearness to God;
belief in a life after death, heaven, hell and miracles;
attitude to the Bible;
God is concerned with every human;
fatalism;
the meaning of life and Christian interpretation of life;
religious tie at a turning point in life;
religious affiliation of father, mother and spouse/partner;
frequency of church attendance of father and mother;
personal direction of belief and frequency of church attendance when young;
frequency of prayer and participation in religious activities;
self-classification of personal religiousness;
truth in one or in all religions;
priority for loyality to a friend before truth;
anticipation of false testimony for the benefit of a friend;
belief in lucky charms, fortune tellers, miracle healers and horoscopes;
conversion of faith after crucial experience;
concept of God;
judgement on the world and people as good or bad;
social rules or God´s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong.

Demography:
sex;
age, marital status;
living together with a partner;
school education;
type and time extent of occupation activity;
occupation (ISCO-Code);
private or public employer;
occupational self-employment and number of employees;
supervisor function and span of control;
time worked each week;
income;
household size;
composition of household;
number of co-workers;
union membership;
party inclination and election behavior;
self-classification on a left-right continuum;
religious affiliation;
frequency of church attendance;
self-classification of social class.

Also encoded was:
region;
rural or urban area;
city size;
ethnic identification.

国际社会调查项目（International Social Survey Programme, ISSP）是一项持续开展跨国协作的调查项目，每年针对社会科学领域的重要议题开展年度调查。该项目于1984年启动，最初拥有4个创始成员：澳大利亚、德国、英国与美国，如今已发展至全球近50个成员国。由于此类调查采用可重复的设计方案，因此可同时用于跨国与跨时间比较研究。每一期ISSP模块均聚焦于特定议题，并会按照固定周期重复开展。如需了解各国ISSP调查的实施细节，请查阅相关文档。本研究聚焦于与宗教及宗教身份相关的调查问题。
个人幸福感评估；
评估政府在创造就业与收入均等化方面的责任；
对婚前及婚外性行为的态度；
对同性恋与堕胎的态度；
对婚姻角色分配的评判及对职业女性的态度；
对婚前（甚至无结婚意愿时）与伴侣同居的态度；
税务诚信度及公民对政府的诚信态度；
对他人及议会、企业、工商业、教会、司法机构与学校等组织的信任程度；
对教会领袖影响选民与政府的态度；
对现代科学益处的看法；
相较于宗教，更信任科学；
宗教更多带来冲突而非和平；
对极端虔诚人士的不容忍态度；
本国宗教影响力过大；
个人过去一年在政治、慈善、宗教及其他组织中参与荣誉性活动的频率；
对教会及宗教组织权力的评判；
对上帝的怀疑或坚定信仰；
感知到与上帝的亲近程度；
对死后生命、天堂、地狱及神迹的信仰；
对《圣经》的态度；
上帝眷顾每一个人；
宿命论；
生命的意义及基督教对生命的诠释；
人生转折点处的宗教联结；
父亲、母亲及配偶/伴侣的宗教归属；
父母的教堂礼拜频率；
年轻时的信仰倾向及教堂礼拜频率；
祈祷频率及参与宗教活动的频次；
个人宗教虔诚度的自我归类；
单一宗教还是所有宗教中存在真理；
相较于真理，优先忠于朋友；
为朋友作伪证的倾向；
对护身符、算命师、神迹治疗师与占星术的信仰；
经历重大事件后的信仰转变；
上帝的概念；
对世界与他人善恶的评判；
以社会规则或上帝律法作为判断是非的依据。

人口统计学变量：
性别；年龄、婚姻状况；与伴侣同居情况；学校教育经历；职业活动的类型与时长；职业（ISCO编码）；雇主性质（私营或公共部门）；职业自营情况及雇员数量；监督职能与管控幅度；每周工作时长；收入；家庭规模；家庭构成；同事数量；工会会员身份；党派倾向与选举行为；自我归类的左右翼政治立场；宗教归属；教堂礼拜频率；个人社会阶层的自我归类。

同时纳入编码的变量还有：
地区；城乡区域；城市规模；民族身份认同。