Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in the Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Obtained in Different Cultivation Systems

This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters in the radish, species Raphanus sativus L., variety Rond Ecarlate, which was grown in three different systems (in the field, in the solarium and in the climate chamber). Several parameters necessary for the evaluation of biomass, physiological processes and nutritional values were determined. Regarding the biometric parameters, it was noticed that in the field cultivation the plants formed 11-12 leaves, in the solarium average 12-13 leaves, and in the climatic chamber the analyzed plants formed 7-9 leaves, on an average. The total biomass of the plant was recorded with the following average values: in the field 70.05 grams, in the solarium 92.3 grams and in the climate chamber 32.9 grams. Regarding the circumference of the tuberous hypocotyl axis, the values are higher in plants grown in solarium (16.9 cm), with the smallest dimensions being recorded in plants grown in the climate chamber (7.2 cm). The highest average pulp firmness value was observed in plants grown in the solarium (0.27 kg force), and the lowest values were seen in plants grown in the climate chamber (0.14 kg force). Regarding the amount of water lost through perspiration by the leaves of radish plants, the highest average values were recorded at plants grown in the solarium, and the lowest at plants grown in the climatic chamber. The average soluble dry matter content was higher (over 4%) in plants grown in the climate chamber compared to other harvesting systems. The analysis of the average carbohydrate content shows that the total soluble carbohydrates were present only in the hypocotyl axis and glucose was found both in the hypocotyl axis of the studied plants and in the leaves. Vitamin C was present in variable amounts, both in the hypocotyl axis and in the leaves. The average amino acid content (expressed in amino nitrogen) was between 0.003% and 0.006%. The anthocyanin was present with highest values (54.5 mg) in field-grown plants, and catalase activity was present both in the hypocotyl axis and in the leaves and roots. Air humidity and temperature had a high influence on the development of plant biomass, on the content of dry matter and on the loss of water through transpiration. The biometric, physiological and biochemical parameters varied depending on the cultivation system.

本研究报道了对品种为Rond Ecarlate的萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）开展的生理生化参数分析结果，该试验材料栽培于三种不同体系：大田、日光温室与气候箱。本研究测定了用于评估生物量、生理过程与营养价值所需的多项参数。就形态计量参数而言，大田栽培的植株平均抽生11~12片叶，日光温室栽培植株平均抽生12~13片叶，而气候箱栽培的供试植株平均仅抽生7~9片叶。植株总生物量的平均测定值如下：大田栽培为70.05克，日光温室栽培为92.3克，气候箱栽培则为32.9克。就块根状下胚轴的周长而言，日光温室栽培植株的该项指标最高（16.9 cm），气候箱栽培植株的该项指标最小（7.2 cm）。果肉平均硬度最高的为日光温室栽培植株（0.27千克力），最低的为气候箱栽培植株（0.14千克力）。就萝卜植株叶片的蒸腾失水量而言，日光温室栽培植株的平均失水量最高，气候箱栽培植株的平均失水量最低。与其他栽培体系相比，气候箱栽培植株的可溶性干物质平均含量更高（超过4%）。对碳水化合物平均含量的分析结果显示，总可溶性碳水化合物仅存在于下胚轴中，而葡萄糖则同时存在于供试植株的下胚轴与叶片中。维生素C在供试植株的下胚轴与叶片中均有分布，且含量存在波动。以氨基氮计的氨基酸平均含量介于0.003%~0.006%之间。花青素含量最高的为大田栽培植株（54.5 mg），过氧化氢酶活性则同时存在于下胚轴、叶片与根系中。空气湿度与温度对植株生物量的形成、干物质含量以及蒸腾失水量均具有显著影响。形态计量、生理与生化参数均随栽培体系的不同而存在差异。