Allelopathic Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus on Germination and Growth of Some Important Crops and Weeds of Economic Importance

ABSTRACT: Parthenium hysterophorus being a declared invasive weed worldwide is threatening the biodiversity of Pakistan. To study its allelopathic potential, laboratory and pots based studies were undertaken during July-August and October-November, 2010 in Weed Research Laboratory, Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The experiments were conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of parthenium on crops Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica campestris, and weeds including Avena fatua, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Lolium rigidum The fresh leaves of P.hysterophorus were dried in shade and grinded. The desired quantity of powder was soaked for 16 hr. in the desired quantity of water to make the stock solution of the maximum concentration viz. 75 g L-1. Five seeds of each species were placed in Petri dishes and in pots, extracts were applied when needed. Control (0 g L-1) was also included for comparison. Both experiments were laid out as Factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and two runs each. Since the statistical differences between the runs were non-significant the data were pooled before subjecting it to ANOVA and mean separation. The differences among the test species and the rates of parthenium extracts were different statistically (P?0.05) for all the traits examined, while for the species x parthenium concentration interaction, the differences were only significant (P?0.05) for plant height in the pot experiment. The results showed that with the increasing concentration of P. hysterophorus, all the parameters studied in the six test species were significantly decreased. Hence, the present study suggests that P. hysterophorus affects the agro-ecosystem and needs to be properly managed, moreover, its allelopathy on weeds is an encouraging finding for the weed managers for the sustainable management of weeds.

摘要：银胶菊（Parthenium hysterophorus）是全球公认的入侵性杂草，正严重威胁巴基斯坦的生物多样性。为探究其化感潜力，2010年7—8月及10—11月期间，研究团队于巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省白沙瓦农业大学杂草科学系杂草研究实验室开展了室内培养与盆栽试验。本试验旨在分析银胶菊对作物小麦（Triticum aestivum）、鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）、油菜（Brassica campestris）以及野燕麦（Avena fatua）、细叶阿福花（Asphodelus tenuifolius）、硬直黑麦草（Lolium rigidum）等杂草的化感作用。将银胶菊鲜叶阴干后研磨成粉，称取定量粉末于去离子水中浸泡16小时，制备得到最高浓度为75 g·L⁻¹的母液。每个供试物种的5粒种子分别置于培养皿中，盆栽试验则按需施加提取物，同时设置浓度为0 g·L⁻¹的对照组用于对照。两项试验均采用完全随机设计（Completely Randomized Design, CRD）的析因方案，设置4次重复，分两轮开展。由于两轮试验间无显著统计学差异，故合并数据后进行方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA）与均值多重比较。结果表明，供试物种与银胶菊提取物浓度对所有检测性状均存在显著统计学差异（P≤0.05）；而供试物种与提取物浓度的交互作用仅在盆栽试验的株高性状上达到显著水平（P≤0.05）。研究结果显示，随着银胶菊提取物浓度升高，6种供试物种的所有检测指标均显著降低。本研究证实银胶菊会对农业生态系统造成负面影响，需进行科学合理的防控；此外，其对杂草的化感作用可为杂草的可持续防控提供具有应用价值的参考依据。