DATASET FOR PERFORMANCE OF SUPERIOR DAIRY CATTLE SIRES

This study's object includes animal identity data, pedigree data, and milk production performance records for Holstein Friesian dairy cows born between 2017-2021. This study's parameters included milk yield, length of lactation, peak production, and dry length period. Another factor to consider is the environmental state. High air temperatures have a negative impact on dairy cow welfare and production across Europe, especially tropical regions. This causes severe cattle losses. Humidity, air velocity, and insolation all have a major impact on animal thermoregulation. Special indices are employed to measure the overall impact of various environmental conditions on animals. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is commonly used to assess how ambient temperature and relative humidity affect animals. Genetic advancement on selection indicators in dairy farming by 90-95% depends on the amount of breeding value of bull breeders. Realizing how breeding value (BV) is passed down across generations is crucial for selecting the right pairs and advancing the breed. Accurate and detailed forecasts help farmers decrease economic risks when selecting genetic material. Estimation of breeding value uses the BLUP method since this method is the most accurate estimated breeding value of sire compared to other methods The production performance of FH dairy cattle is included in the good category. For 1st lactation, which has an average milk production of 8,029.28 ± 1,112 kg; length of lactation 321.26 ± 38.48 days; peak production on day 85.36 ± 29.25 with milk production of 32.55 ± 4.16 kg; and the dry length period was 51.37 ± 9.33 days. Lactation 2 milk production 7,761.66 ± 1,145 kg; length of lactation 323.66 ± 43.06 days; peak production on day 58.43 ± 21.11 with milk production 40.79 ± 5.30 kg; and dry length period was 65.10 ± 22.69 days. Lactation 3 milk production 7,788.92 ± 1,148 kg; length of lactation 326.64 ± 46.74 days; peak production on day 61.88 ± 22.72 with milk production 43.62 ± 5.11 kg; and the dry length period was 65.00 ± 20.49 days. Lactation 4 milk production was 7,484.18 ± 1,133 kg, lactation length was 323.04 ± 42.23 days, peak production was on day 66.39 ± 24.26, milk production was 43.82 ± 5.68, and the dry length period was 65.78 ± 21.60 days. The heritability value of FH cow milk production namely 0.03 ± 0.02, is included in the low category. Differences in heritability values is due to differences in the type of data and statistical analysis used. Low heritability estimates indicated that the differences in the performance traits of Holstein cows were due to different nutritional, climatic conditions, and management practices prevalent over different times. Ranking of 10 sire’s that have the genetic potential of their offspring based on their estimated breeding value, namely O.S. Elmer-XA, M.Z. Merlin-XA, L. Muscadet-XA, C.Toyjet, S. Gypsy B, WestCoastPldge, M.Z. Merlin-ET, Brasilia, L.JetBowser-XA, and MRMUDD-XA.

本研究的研究对象为2017-2021年间出生的荷斯坦弗里西奶牛（Holstein Friesian dairy cows）的个体识别数据、系谱数据以及泌乳生产性能记录。本研究考察的参数涵盖产奶量、泌乳时长、泌乳高峰产奶量以及干奶期时长。此外需纳入考量的因素为环境状态：欧洲乃至热带地区的高温环境均会对奶牛福利与生产性能产生负面影响，进而造成严重的奶牛养殖损失。湿度、空气流速以及日照时长均会对动物的体温调节产生显著影响。现有多项综合指标用于评估各类环境条件对动物的整体影响，其中温度湿度指数（temperature-humidity index, THI）是评估环境温度与相对湿度对动物影响的常用指标。奶牛养殖业中，90%-95%的选种遗传进展取决于种公牛的育种价值（breeding value, BV）体量。明晰育种价值在世代间的传递规律，对于筛选最优配对、推进品种改良至关重要。精准且详尽的性能预测可帮助养殖户在选择遗传素材时降低经济风险。育种价值估算多采用最佳线性无偏预测（Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, BLUP）法，相较于其他方法，该方法对种公牛的育种价值估算精度最高。本研究中荷斯坦弗里西奶牛的生产性能表现良好：其中第一泌乳期的平均产奶量为8029.28±1112 kg，泌乳时长为321.26±38.48天，泌乳高峰出现在第85.36±29.25天，高峰产奶量为32.55±4.16 kg，干奶期时长为51.37±9.33天；第二泌乳期产奶量为7761.66±1145 kg，泌乳时长为323.66±43.06天，泌乳高峰出现在第58.43±21.11天，高峰产奶量为40.79±5.30 kg，干奶期时长为65.10±22.69天；第三泌乳期产奶量为7788.92±1148 kg，泌乳时长为326.64±46.74天，泌乳高峰出现在第61.88±22.72天，高峰产奶量为43.62±5.11 kg，干奶期时长为65.00±20.49天；第四泌乳期产奶量为7484.18±1133 kg，泌乳时长为323.04±42.23天，泌乳高峰出现在第66.39±24.26天，高峰产奶量为43.82±5.68 kg，干奶期时长为65.78±21.60天。荷斯坦弗里西奶牛产奶量的遗传力值为0.03±0.02，属于低遗传力范畴。遗传力值的差异源于所采用的数据类型与统计分析方法不同。低遗传力估算结果表明，荷斯坦奶牛生产性能性状的差异主要由不同时期的营养条件、气候环境以及管理模式差异所导致。基于育种价值估算结果，筛选出10头具备优良后代遗传潜力的种公牛，排名依次为O.S. Elmer-XA、M.Z. Merlin-XA、L. Muscadet-XA、C.Toyjet、S. Gypsy B、WestCoastPldge、M.Z. Merlin-ET、Brasilia、L.JetBowser-XA以及MRMUDD-XA。