Supplementary information files for Social context facilitates visuomotor synchrony and bonding in children and adults

Supplementary files for article Social context facilitates visuomotor synchrony and bonding in children and adults.Interpersonal synchrony is a fundamental part of human social interaction, with known effects on facilitating social bonding. Moving in time with another person facilitates prosocial behaviour, however, it is unknown if the degree of synchronisation predicts the degree of social bonding. Similarly, while people readily fall in synchrony even without being instructed to do so, we do not know whether such spontaneous synchronisation elicits similar prosocial effects as instructed synchronisation. Across two studies, we investigated how context (social vs non-social stimulus) and instruction (instructed vs uninstructed) influenced synchronisation accuracy and bonding with the interaction partner in adults and children. The results revealed improved visuomotor synchrony within a social, compared to non-social, context in adults and children. Children, but not adults, synchronised more accurately when instructed to synchronise than when uninstructed. For both children and adults, synchronisation in a social context elicited stronger social bonding towards an interaction partner as compared to synchronisation in a non-social context. Finally, children’s, but not adults’, degree of synchrony with the partner was significantly associated with their feelings of social closeness. These findings illuminate the interaction of sensorimotor coupling and joint action in social contexts and how these mechanisms facilitate synchronisation ability and social bonding.

本数据集为论文《社会情境促进儿童与成人的视动同步（visuomotor synchrony）与社会联结》的补充材料。人际同步（interpersonal synchrony）是人类社会互动的核心组成部分，其促进社会联结的作用已得到证实。与他人同步行动可促进亲社会行为（prosocial behaviour），但目前尚不明确同步程度能否预测社会联结的强度。类似地，即便未被刻意要求，人们也会自发进入同步状态，但我们尚不清楚这种自发同步是否能如被指令的同步一般，引发相似的亲社会效应。本研究通过两项实验，探究了情境类型（社会刺激vs非社会刺激）与任务指令（被指令同步vs自发同步）对成人与儿童的同步准确度及与互动伙伴间社会联结的影响。研究结果显示，相较于非社会情境，成人与儿童在社会情境中的视动同步表现均有所提升。儿童（而非成人）在被要求同步时的准确度，显著高于自发同步状态。无论儿童还是成人，在社会情境中完成同步后，对互动伙伴的社会联结强度均显著高于非社会情境下的同步结果。最后，儿童（而非成人）与伙伴的同步程度与其社交亲近感显著相关。本研究结果阐明了社会情境中感觉运动耦合（sensorimotor coupling）与联合动作（joint action）的交互机制，以及这些过程如何促进同步能力与社会联结的形成。