Preliminary data extraction tool.

Background
Postpartum contraception is essential to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care because it encourages healthy spacing between births, helps women avoid unwanted pregnancies, and lessens the risks of health problems for mothers and babies. Sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee populations are rapidly increasing in the United States, and they come from a wide range of cultural, linguistic, religious, and social origins, which may pose challenges in timely access to culturally acceptable SRH care, for preventing mistimed or unwanted childbearing. The objective of this scoping review is to assess the extent of the available literature on postpartum contraception among sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee women living in the United States.
Methods
We developed preliminary search terms with the help of an expert librarian, consisting of keywords including birth intervals, birth spacing, contraception, postpartum contraception or family planning, and USA or America, and sub-Saharan African immigrants, or emigrants. The study will include the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Global Health Database. The sources will include studies on postpartum care and contraceptive access and utilization among sub-Saharan African immigrants living in the US. Citations, abstracts, and full texts will be independently screened by two reviewers. We will use narrative synthesis to analyze the data using quantitative and qualitative methods. Factors associated with postpartum contraception will be organized using the domains and constructs of the PEN-3 Model as a guiding framework.
Conclusion
This scoping review will map the research on postpartum contraception among sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee women living in the US. We expect to identify knowledge gaps, and barriers and facilitators of postpartum contraception in this population. Based on the findings of the review, recommendations will be made for advocacy and program and policy development toward optimizing interpregnancy intervals in sub-Saharan African immigrants living in the US.
Trial registration
Review registration Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/s385j.

背景
产后避孕是性与生殖健康（Sexual and Reproductive Health, SRH）服务的核心组成部分，其有助于实现健康的生育间隔，帮助女性规避非意愿妊娠，并降低母婴健康风险。当前美国境内撒哈拉以南非洲移民与难民群体规模快速增长，该群体源自多元的文化、语言、宗教与社会背景，这可能使其在及时获取符合自身文化认同的性与生殖健康服务以预防时机不当或非意愿生育方面面临挑战。本次范围综述（Scoping Review）的研究目标为：评估当前针对美国境内撒哈拉以南非洲移民与难民女性产后避孕相关的现有文献覆盖情况。
方法
本研究在专业图书馆员的协助下拟定了初步检索词，涵盖生育间隔（birth intervals, birth spacing）、避孕、产后避孕或计划生育、美国，以及撒哈拉以南非洲移民或移居者等关键词。本研究将检索以下电子数据库：PubMed/MEDLINE、PsycINFO、CINAHL、EMBASE及全球健康数据库（Global Health Database）。纳入文献将聚焦美国境内撒哈拉以南非洲移民的产后护理与避孕服务获取及使用情况。两名研究者将独立对参考文献、摘要及全文进行筛选。本研究将采用定量与定性相结合的方法，通过叙述性综合（narrative synthesis）对数据进行分析，并以PEN-3模型的维度与构念作为指导框架，对与产后避孕相关的影响因素进行归类整理。
结论
本次范围综述将梳理美国境内撒哈拉以南非洲移民与难民女性产后避孕领域的相关研究。本研究有望明确该群体产后避孕领域的知识缺口、阻碍因素与促进因素。基于本综述的研究结果，本研究将针对美国境内撒哈拉以南非洲移民群体提出相关倡导、项目开发及政策制定建议，以优化其生育间隔。
试验注册
本综述已在开放科学框架（Open Science Framework, OSF）完成注册，注册链接为https://osf.io/s385j。