Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) (NCEI Accession 0253659)

This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) data product files. The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2022 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2021. The main synthesis and gridded products contain 33.7 million fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. A further 6.4 million fCO2 sensor data with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are separately available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2022. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations imperative.

本数据集包含2022版海洋表面CO₂图集（Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas, SOCATv2022）的数据产品文件。海洋可吸收人类活动排放的全球CO₂总量的四分之一。由科研社区主导的海洋表面CO₂图集（www.socat.info）是量化当前及未来海洋CO₂吸收量及其变化的核心工具。2022版SOCAT包含1957年至2021年间全球海洋及近岸海域的、经过质量控制的原位海洋表面CO₂逸度分压（fugacity of CO2, 缩写fCO2）实测数据，数据来源涵盖船舶、锚系平台、自主式及漂流式海面观测平台。主合成产品与网格化产品共包含3370万个fCO2数据点，估计精度优于5 μatm。另有640万个fCO2传感器数据，估计精度为5~10 μatm，可单独获取。在质量控制流程中，海洋科学家会为每个数据集赋予标记，并为单个fCO2数据点赋予世界海洋环流实验（World Ocean Circulation Experiment, 缩写WOCE）标记：2（合格）、3（存疑）或4（不合格）。数据集标记规则如下：精度优于2 μatm的数据集标记为A或B，精度优于5 μatm的标记为C或D，精度优于10 μatm的标记为E。Bakker等人（2016）详述了SOCAT第3版至2022版所采用的质量控制标准。单个数据集的质量控制说明可通过SOCAT数据集查看器（www.socat.info）获取。所有经判定数据质量合格的数据集均已公开。主SOCAT合成文件与网格化产品包含所有精度优于5 μatm的数据集（数据集标记为A至D）以及WOCE标记为2的fCO2数据点。精度为5~10 μatm的数据集（标记为E）以及WOCE标记为3、4的fCO2数据点，需通过额外数据产品及数据集查看器获取（详见Bakker等人2016年发表的表8）。SOCAT发布的全球网格化产品分辨率为1°经度×1°纬度；针对近岸海域另有一款分辨率更高的产品，为0.25°经度×0.25°纬度。网格化产品包含所有精度优于5 μatm的数据集（标记为A至D）以及WOCE标记为2的fCO2数据点。网格化产品按月、按年及按十年周期发布。两款功能强大的交互式在线查看器——数据集查看器与网格化数据查看器（www.socat.info），可用于探索SOCAT合成数据与网格化数据产品。SOCAT数据产品支持下载，同时提供用于读取数据文件的Matlab代码。Ocean Data View也可访问SOCAT数据产品（www.socat.info）。SOCAT数据产品具备可发现性、可访问性与可引用性。SOCAT数据使用声明（www.socat.info）要求用户通过邀请共同署名（尤其是针对区域研究中的数据提供者）及/或引用相关学术论文，以充分致谢SOCAT科研人员的贡献。SOCAT官网（www.socat.info）提供了在线查看器、可下载数据集、数据使用声明、贡献者名单以及与SOCAT相关的学术出版物概览的统一入口。自第4版起，SOCAT的年度更新可通过数据上传与初始检查的自动化流程实现。SOCAT被用于量化海洋CO₂吸收量与海洋酸化，以及评估气候模型与传感器数据。自2013年起，SOCAT产品为年度《全球碳预算》提供数据支撑。SOCAT科研团队主导的年度发布工作是联合国可持续发展目标14.3（减缓海洋酸化）（#OceanAction20464）的一项自愿承诺。更广泛而言，SOCAT发布工作助力联合国可持续发展目标13（气候行动）与14（水下生物），并服务于联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年计划。已有数百篇同行评议学术论文与高影响力报告引用了SOCAT数据。SOCAT社区主导的合成产品是基于海洋原位无机碳观测数据的价值链中的关键环节，可为政策制定者在气候谈判中提供有关海洋CO₂吸收量的关键信息。精准掌握全球海洋CO₂吸收量及其（未来）变化的需求，使得持续资助原位海洋表面CO₂观测工作成为当务之急。