PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF THE SPEECH ACTS OF AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT

This article examines the pragmatic features of the speech acts of agreement and disagreement as they operate in face-to-face and written discourse. Drawing on speech act theory, politeness theory, the Cooperative Principle, and conversation-analytic research on preference organization, the study investigates the illocutionary structure, felicity conditions, and contextual determinants of these two fundamental communicative acts. The article argues that agreement and disagreement are not simply propositional stances but complex pragmatic performances whose form and force are shaped by social variables — power, distance, and the management of face. Special attention is given to the asymmetry between agreement as a preferred and disagreement as a dispreferred action in conversational organization, to the strategies speakers use to soften or intensify disagreement, and to cross-cultural variation in the realization of both acts. The findings underscore the need for a multi-framework pragmatic approach that integrates illocutionary, politeness-theoretic, and interactional dimensions.

本文探析面对面交际与书面语篇中，同意与反对两类言语行为的语用特征。本研究依托言语行为理论（speech act theory）、礼貌理论（politeness theory）、合作原则（Cooperative Principle）以及会话分析视角下的偏好组织研究，考察这两类基础交际行为的言外结构、适切条件与语境决定因素。本文提出，同意与反对绝非单纯的命题立场，而是复杂的语用实践，其表现形式与言外之力由权势、社交距离与面子管理三类社会变量所塑造。研究特别关注会话组织中“同意作为偏好性行为”与“反对作为非偏好性行为”之间的不对称性，发言者用以缓和或强化反对语气的策略，以及两类言语行为实现方式的跨文化差异。本研究结果凸显了整合言行为维度、礼貌理论维度与互动维度的多框架语用研究路径的必要性。