S1 Dataset -

Purpose
Exercise-based falls-prevention programs are cost-effective population-based approaches to reduce the risk of falling for older adults. The aim was to evaluate the short-term and long-term efficacy of three existing falls-prevention programs.
Methods
A non-randomized study design was used to compare the immediate-post and long-term physical outcome measures for three falls prevention programs; one high-level land-based program, one low-level land-based program and a water-based Ai Chi program. Timed-up-and-go (TUG), five-times sit-to-stand (5xSTS), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and six-meter walk test were assessed at baseline, post-program, and at six-months follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to analyze between- and within- group differences, with the high-level land-based program used as the comparator.
Results
Thirty-two participants completed post-program assessment and 26 returned for follow-up. There was a difference in the age (years) of participants between programs (p = 0.049). The intercept for TUG and six-meter walk test time was 47.70% (23.37, 76.83) and 32.31s (10.52, 58.41), slower for the low-level group and 40.49% (17.35, 69.89) and 36.34s (12.75, 64.87), slower for the Ai Chi group (p < 0.01), compared with the high-level group. Mean time taken to complete the TUG was less both immediately post-program and at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.05). Walking speed for the six-meter walk test was only faster at six-months (p < 0.05). The 5xSTS duration was significantly reduced only at post-intervention (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
These results indicate land-based and water-based falls-prevention programs improve physical outcome measures associated with falls-risk and many improvements are maintained for six months after the completion of the program. (Retrospective trial registration: ACTRN1262300119069)

研究目的
以运动为基础的防跌倒项目，是面向老年人群降低跌倒风险的高成本效益公共卫生干预手段。本研究旨在评估三款现有防跌倒项目的短期与长期干预效果。

研究方法
本研究采用非随机化研究设计，对比三款防跌倒项目（分别为高等级地面项目、低等级地面项目及水中Ai Chi项目）在项目结束后即刻及长期的躯体功能结局指标。研究在基线、项目结束后即刻以及6个月随访时，对受试者的计时起立行走测试（Timed-up-and-go, TUG）、五次坐站测试（five-times sit-to-stand, 5xSTS）、六分钟步行试验（six-minute walk test, 6MWT）及六米步行测试进行评估。本研究采用线性混合效应模型分析组间与组内差异，并以高等级地面项目作为对照组别。

研究结果
共计32名受试者完成了项目结束后的评估，其中26名完成了6个月随访。不同项目组的受试者年龄存在统计学差异（p=0.049）。与高等级地面组相比，低等级组的计时起立行走测试得分截距为47.70%（95%置信区间23.37, 76.83），六米步行测试时间截距为32.31秒（95%置信区间10.52, 58.41），表现更迟缓；水中Ai Chi组的对应截距分别为40.49%（95%置信区间17.35, 69.89）与36.34秒（95%置信区间12.75, 64.87），同样表现迟缓（均p<0.01）。受试者完成计时起立行走测试的平均时间在项目结束后即刻及6个月随访时均有所缩短（p=0.05）。六米步行测试的步行速度仅在6个月随访时显著提升（p<0.05）。五次坐站测试的时长仅在干预后即刻显著缩短（p<0.05）。

研究结论
本研究结果表明，地面及水中防跌倒项目均可改善与跌倒风险相关的躯体功能指标，且多数改善效果可在项目结束后维持6个月。（回顾性试验注册编号：ACTRN1262300119069）