South Atlantic Forest Birds (Southeast Blueprint Indicator)

Name: South Atlantic Forest Birds (Southeast Blueprint Indicator)
Creator: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
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US Fish and Wildlife Service Open Data2026-03-28 收录

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<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Reason for Selection<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>This indicator represents ecologically important thresholds in forest patch size and other characteristics, such as distance to forest and ecotone edge. Many species are sensitive to these features of the landscape, but forest birds’ habitat relationships are the most extensively studied and have available habitat models. The needs of these forest bird species are increasingly restrictive at higher index values, reflecting better quality forested wetland and upland hardwood habitat.<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Input Data<ul><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61002b01d34ef8d7055c7db2' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>South Atlantic Blueprint 2021 extent</a></li><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://secas-fws.hub.arcgis.com/maps/0b3e3940763a4e3aae7647b0fe4c31e4/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Southeast Blueprint 2023 extent</a></li><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f21cef582cef313ed940043' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>2019 National Land Cover Database</a> (NLCD): Land cover</li><li><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://secas-fws.hub.arcgis.com/maps/8bde4161a8af4ab9ad8341ef79d9d307/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Base Blueprint 2022 extent</a></li><li>The following <a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/DataServer.html#Aves' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Southeast GAP species models</a>:  </li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Chuck-will’s widow (bCWWI)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Red-headed woodpecker (bRHWO)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Wood thrush (bWOTH)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Whip-poor-will (bWPWI)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>American woodcock (bAMWO)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Hooded warbler (bHOWA)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Kentucky warbler (bKEWA)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Acadian flycatcher (bACFL)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Black-throated green warbler (bBTNW)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Northern parula (bNOPA)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Prothonotary warbler (bPROW)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Swainson’s warbler (bSWWA)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'> <ul><li>Select models from the <a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/dsl/hab.html' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>South Atlantic Migratory Bird Initiative (SAMBI) Designing Sustainable Landscapes (DSL) avian habitat project</a>:</li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/datazip/reports/SppReport_bPROW.pdf' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Prothonotary warbler</a> (bPROW)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'><a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/datazip/reports/SppReport_bSWWA.pdf' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Swainson’s warbler</a> (bSWWA)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Mapping Steps<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>The index of forest birds is based on scores representing increasingly restrictive limitations of potential habitat for a suite of species. Species-based constraints are:<ul><li>If a pixel is identified in the wood thrush (1 ha minimum patch), whip-poor-will (no more than 250 m into forest interior), red-headed woodpecker (interior patch within 500 m of early successional habitat), Chuck-will’s widow (interior patch within 500 m of early successional habitat), or American woodcock (within 125 m of ecotone edge) Southeast GAP models, give it a value of 1. If not, give it a value of 0.</li><li>If a pixel is identified in the hooded warbler (15 ha minimum patch) or Kentucky warbler (17 ha minimum patch in wet hardwoods) Southeast GAP models, give it a value of 2. If not, it retains the value from step 1.</li><li>If a pixel is identified in the Acadian flycatcher (40 ha minimum patch) Southeast GAP model, give it a value of 3. If not, it retains the value from step 2.</li><li>If a pixel is identified in the Northern parula (70 ha minimum patch) Southeast GAP model, black-throated green warbler (100 ha minimum patch) Southeast GAP model, or the prothonotary warbler (70 ha minimum patch within 120 m of water) Southeast GAP or DSL model, give it a value of 4. If not, it retains the value from step 3.</li><li>If a pixel is identified in the Swainson’s warbler (350 ha minimum patch within 250 m of water) Southeast GAP or DSL model, give it a value of 5. If not, it retains the value from step 4.</li><li>If a pixel is identified in the NLCD as low, medium, or high intensity developed, assign it a value of 0. If not, it retains the value from step 5.</li><li>Clip to the spatial extent of the 2021 South Atlantic Blueprint. The data outside this area was not reviewed by the indicator team who created it, so we decided not to use those data.</li><li>Clip to the spatial extent of Base Blueprint 2022.</li><li>As a final step, clip to the spatial extent of Southeast Blueprint 2023. </li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Note: For more details on the mapping steps, code used to create this layer is available in the <a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/68ba6308d4be021908ad78ae?name=Southeast_Blueprint_2025_Data_Download.zip' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>Southeast Blueprint Data Download</a> under > 6_Code.<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Final indicator values<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Indicator values are assigned as follows:<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>5 = Very large patches near water (potential for presence of Swainson’s warbler)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>4 = Large patches often near water (potential for presence of Northern parula, black-throated green warbler, or prothonotary warbler)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>3 = Medium patches (potential for presence of Acadian flycatcher)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>2 = Small patches often near water (potential for presence of hooded warbler or Kentucky warbler)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>1 = Very small patches or near open areas (potential for presence of wood thrush, whip-poor-will, red-headed woodpecker, Chuck-will’s widow, or American woodcock)<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0.5in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>0 = Less potential for presence of forest bird index species<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Known Issues<ul><li>This indicator predicts less habitat for Swainson’s warbler and prothonotary warbler in the Apalachicola basin because one of the two models used for these species (DSL) does not cover this area.</li><li>It overpredicts habitat in areas that have been converted to other land uses since the release of 2001 GAP landcover data.</li><li>Thresholds used in this indicator focus primarily on species presence and larger patches are likely needed for source populations of any of these species.</li></ul><p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Disclaimer: Comparing with Older Indicator Versions<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>There are numerous problems with using Southeast Blueprint indicators for change analysis. Please consult Blueprint staff if you would like to do this (email <a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' href='mailto:hilary_morris@fws.gov' rel='nofollow ugc'>hilary_morris@fws.gov</a>).<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Literature Cited<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Southeast Gap Analysis Project. SE-GAP Vertebrate Predicted Habitat. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/DataServer.html' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/DataServer.html</a>].<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem 0in; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Williams SG, Rubino MJ. 2012. Designing Sustainable Landscapes Project. Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, North Carolina State University. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/dsl/hab.html' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/dsl/hab.html</a>]. Accessed April 2014.<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Williams SG, Rubino MJ, Silvano AL, Elliott MJ, Cook K, Smith S. 2010. Southeast Gap Analysis Project. Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, North Carolina State University; Alabama Gap Project, Alabama Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Auburn University; Natural Resources and Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Georgia. Accessed April 2014. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/</a>].<p style='background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; margin:0px 0px 1.5rem; text-align:start; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; word-spacing:0px;'>Homer, Collin G., Dewitz, Jon A., Jin, Suming, Xian, George, Costello, C., Danielson, Patrick, Gass, L., Funk, M., Wickham, J., Stehman, S., Auch, Roger F., Riitters, K. H., Conterminous United States land cover change patterns 2001–2016 from the 2016 National Land Cover Database: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 162, p. 184–199. [<a style='border:0px solid currentcolor; box-sizing:border-box; color:rgb(0, 97, 155); font-family:inherit; line-height:1.5; text-decoration:none;' target='_blank' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.019' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.019</a>].

遴选依据该指标表征了森林斑块面积及其他景观特征（如距森林的距离、群落交错带边缘）的生态重要阈值。诸多物种对景观的此类特征较为敏感，其中森林鸟类与栖息地的关联被研究得最为广泛，且已有可用的栖息地模型。随着该指标数值升高，此类森林鸟类的生存需求愈发严苛，这也对应着更高质量的森林湿地与高地硬木林生境。输入数据 - 2021年南大西洋蓝图范围 - 2023年东南部蓝图范围 - 2019年全国土地覆盖数据库（National Land Cover Database, NLCD）：土地覆盖数据 - 2022年基础蓝图范围 - 以下为东南部GAP（Southeast GAP）物种模型： - 查氏夜鹰（Chuck-will’s widow，代码bCWWI） - 红头啄木鸟（Red-headed woodpecker，代码bRHWO） - 林鸫（Wood thrush，代码bWOTH） - 威普夜鹰（Whip-poor-will，代码bWPWI） - 美洲丘鹬（American woodcock，代码bAMWO） - 罩林莺（Hooded warbler，代码bHOWA） - 肯塔基莺（Kentucky warbler，代码bKEWA） - 阿卡迪亚霸鹟（Acadian flycatcher，代码bACFL） - 黑喉绿林莺（Black-throated green warbler，代码bBTNW） - 北森莺（Northern parula，代码bNOPA） - 黄胸王森莺（Prothonotary warbler，代码bPROW） - 斯温森莺（Swainson’s warbler，代码bSWWA） - 选自南大西洋候鸟倡议（South Atlantic Migratory Bird Initiative, SAMBI）与可持续景观设计（Designing Sustainable Landscapes, DSL）鸟类栖息地项目的模型： - 黄胸王森莺（Prothonotary warbler，代码bPROW） - 斯温森莺（Swainson’s warbler，代码bSWWA）制图步骤该森林鸟类指数基于代表一系列物种种潜在栖息地限制性不断增强的评分。基于物种的约束规则如下： - 若某像素符合林鸫（最小斑块面积1公顷）、威普夜鹰（森林内部距边缘不超过250米）、红头啄木鸟（早期演替生境周边500米范围内的内部斑块）、查氏夜鹰（早期演替生境周边500米范围内的内部斑块）或美洲丘鹬（群落交错带边缘125米范围内）的东南部GAP模型判定，则赋值为1；否则赋值为0。 - 若某像素符合罩林莺（最小斑块面积15公顷）或肯塔基莺（湿地硬木林最小斑块面积17公顷）的东南部GAP模型判定，则赋值为2；否则保留步骤1的赋值结果。 - 若某像素符合阿卡迪亚霸鹟（最小斑块面积40公顷）的东南部GAP模型判定，则赋值为3；否则保留步骤2的赋值结果。 - 若某像素符合北森莺（最小斑块面积70公顷）的东南部GAP模型、黑喉绿林莺（最小斑块面积100公顷）的东南部GAP模型，或黄胸王森莺（距水域120米范围内最小斑块面积70公顷）的东南部GAP或DSL模型判定，则赋值为4；否则保留步骤3的赋值结果。 - 若某像素符合斯温森莺（距水域250米范围内最小斑块面积350公顷）的东南部GAP或DSL模型判定，则赋值为5；否则保留步骤4的赋值结果。 - 若某像素在NLCD中被归类为低、中或高强度开发用地，则赋值为0；否则保留步骤5的赋值结果。 - 裁剪至2021年南大西洋蓝图的空间范围。该范围外的数据未由本指标创建团队审核，因此决定不予使用。 - 裁剪至2022年基础蓝图的空间范围。 - 作为最后一步，裁剪至2023年东南部蓝图的空间范围。注：如需了解制图步骤的更多细节，创建本图层所用代码可在「东南部蓝图数据下载」的「> 6_代码」文件夹中获取，链接：https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/68ba6308d4be021908ad78ae?name=Southeast_Blueprint_2025_Data_Download.zip *最终指标值* 指标值赋值规则如下： - 5 = 近水域大型斑块（存在斯温森莺的潜在生境） - 4 = 常伴水域的大型斑块（存在北森莺、黑喉绿林莺或黄胸王森莺的潜在生境） - 3 = 中型斑块（存在阿卡迪亚霸鹟的潜在生境） - 2 = 常伴水域的小型斑块（存在罩林莺或肯塔基莺的潜在生境） - 1 = 超小斑块或邻近开阔区域（存在林鸫、威普夜鹰、红头啄木鸟、查氏夜鹰或美洲丘鹬的潜在生境） - 0 = 森林鸟类指数物种生存潜力较低已知问题 - 本指标在阿巴拉契科拉盆地对斯温森莺与黄胸王森莺的生境预测偏少，原因是这两个物种所用的两个模型（DSL模型）之一未覆盖该区域。 - 本指标对2001年GAP土地覆盖数据发布后已转为其他土地利用类型的区域存在生境过度预测的问题。 - 本指标所用的阈值主要聚焦于物种存在性，而上述任一物种的源种群所需的斑块面积可能更大。免责声明：与旧版指标的对比使用东南部蓝图指标进行变化分析存在诸多问题。若您需进行此类分析，请咨询蓝图项目工作人员（邮箱：hilary_morris@fws.gov）。参考文献 1. 东南部GAP分析项目（Southeast Gap Analysis Project）. SE-GAP 脊椎动物预测生境. [https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/DataServer.html]. 2. Williams SG, Rubino MJ. 2012. 可持续景观设计项目. 北卡罗来纳州立大学生物多样性与空间信息中心. [https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/dsl/hab.html]. 2014年4月访问. 3. Williams SG, Rubino MJ, Silvano AL, Elliott MJ, Cook K, Smith S. 2010. 东南部GAP分析项目. 北卡罗来纳州立大学生物多样性与空间信息中心；阿拉巴马州合作鱼类与野生动物研究单位奥本大学阿拉巴马GAP项目；佐治亚大学自然资源与空间分析实验室. 2014年4月访问. [https://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/]. 4. Homer, Collin G., Dewitz, Jon A., Jin, Suming, Xian, George, Costello, C., Danielson, Patrick, Gass, L., Funk, M., Wickham, J., Stehman, S., Auch, Roger F., Riitters, K. H. 2016年全国土地覆盖数据库显示的2001–2016年美国本土土地覆盖变化格局. 《ISPRS摄影测量与遥感学报》, 第162卷, 第184–199页. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.019].

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