Statistics on the distribution of TVs in the YRB.

Currently, research on traditional villages mainly focuses on the current development status and evolutionary trends in specific regions, with relatively limited studies from a macroscopic and holistic perspective on the spatiotemporal evolution of traditional villages. Therefore, this study selects traditional villages in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) as the research object. By analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of traditional villages (TVs) in the basin, it aims to further promote high-quality development in the YRB and protect traditional cultural resources. Based on data from 892 village points of the first to sixth batches of TVs in the YRB, ArcGIS 10.8 spatial analysis techniques were employed to analyze the overall spatial pattern of TVs in the YRB. The results indicate: (1) In the basin, TVs are more numerous in the east than the west and more in the south than the north, forming clusters and contiguous distributions, with dense areas primarily in the upstream regions dominated by Qinghai Province and the midstream areas along the Shanxi-Shaanxi coast. (2) The number and scale of TVs in the basin generally exhibit an increasing trend, with imbalanced provincial distribution. More recent years show a more balanced distribution of villages and proportions, with a higher number of villages in the mountainous and plateau regions of the basin. (3) The layout center of TVs within the basin evolves with each batch, showing a migration pattern from north to south, back to north, and finally east to west. (4) The interaction of natural and social factors plays a synergistic role in driving the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of TVs. Among these, natural geographical factors are the primary factors. TVs are more commonly found in regions with low altitude sunny slopes, mild climate, abundant precipitation, proximity to ancient roads and rivers, gentle slopes, and soil predominantly comprising loess, brown earth, and alluvial soils. The cultural environment is a secondary factor, with TVs often located in areas with larger populations, developed economies, and rich cultural heritage.

当前，传统村落研究多聚焦于特定区域的发展现状与演化趋势，从宏观整体视角探讨传统村落时空演化的研究相对匮乏。有鉴于此，本研究以黄河流域（Yellow River Basin, YRB）内的传统村落（Traditional Villages, TVs）为研究对象，通过剖析流域内传统村落的时空分布特征与驱动因子，旨在进一步推动黄河流域的高质量发展与传统文化资源保护。本研究基于黄河流域一至六批共892个传统村落点位数据，采用ArcGIS 10.8空间分析技术，对流域内传统村落的整体空间格局展开分析。研究结果显示：（1）流域内传统村落呈现东多西少、南多北少的分布格局，形成集聚连片的分布特征，高密度区域主要集中在以青海省为核心的上游区域，以及晋陕沿岸的中游区域；（2）流域内传统村落的数量与规模整体呈增长趋势，但省域分布不均衡；近年村落的数量占比分布更为均衡，流域内山地与高原区域的传统村落数量更多；（3）流域内传统村落的布局中心随批次更迭持续演化，呈现出从北向南、再折返向北，最终由东向西迁移的动态格局；（4）自然与社会因子的交互作用对传统村落的时空分布格局具有协同驱动效应。其中，自然地理因子为核心驱动因素：传统村落多分布于海拔较低的阳坡、气候温和、降水充沛、临近古道与河流、坡度平缓且土壤以黄土、棕壤、冲积土为主的区域。人文环境为次要驱动因素，传统村落多坐落于人口规模较大、经济发达、文化遗产丰富的区域。