Attributes of the population.

Studies have indicated that the risk of malaria, particularly its association with anaemia in pregnant women, increases when treated bed nets are not used. This paper utilizes a statistical mechanical model to investigate whether there is a statistical relationship between the presence or absence of anaemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women and their decision to sleep under treated bed nets. Data from the Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey (GMIS), which includes both rural and urban malaria-endemic areas in Ghana, were employed in this study. A total of 2,434 women, comprising 215 pregnant and 2,219 non-pregnant participants, were involved. Among these, 4.76% of the pregnant and anaemic women and 45.89% of the non-pregnant and anaemic women slept under treated bed nets, while 0.86% of the pregnant and anaemic and 6.82% of the non-pregnant and anaemic women did not. The findings revealed that, in the absence of social interaction, non-anaemic pregnant women have a lower prevalence of choosing to use bed nets compared to their anaemic counterparts. Additionally, non-pregnant anaemic women showed a positive private incentive (30.87%) to use treated bed nets, implying a positive correlation between anaemia and the choice to sleep in a treated bed net. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that both pregnancy and anaemia status have a relationship with the use of treated bed nets in Ghana, especially when social interactions are considered. The interaction strength between non-pregnant and anaemic women interacting with each other shows a negative estimate (-1.49%), implying that there is no rewarding effect from imitation. These insights are crucial for malaria prevention and control programs, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to enhance the use of treated bed nets among both pregnant and non-pregnant women in Ghana’s malaria-endemic regions.已有研究证实，若未使用经处理蚊帐（treated bed nets），疟疾感染风险将上升，其中孕妇群体中贫血与疟疾的关联风险尤为突出。本研究采用统计力学模型（statistical mechanical model），探究孕、非孕女性的贫血状态与其是否选择使用经处理蚊帐就寝之间的统计关联。本研究使用了加纳疟疾指标调查（Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey, GMIS）的数据，该调查覆盖加纳国内疟疾流行的城乡区域，共纳入2434名女性受试者，其中包含215名孕妇与2219名非孕妇。其中，贫血孕妇中有4.76%使用经处理蚊帐就寝，贫血非孕妇中有45.89%使用该类蚊帐；未使用经处理蚊帐的贫血孕妇占比为0.86%，未使用经处理蚊帐的贫血非孕妇占比为6.82%。研究结果显示，在无社交互动的场景下，非贫血孕妇选择使用蚊帐的比例低于贫血孕妇。此外，贫血非孕妇群体展现出30.87%的个体正向使用激励，这表明贫血状态与选择使用经处理蚊帐就寝存在正相关关系。本研究进一步证实，在加纳境内，孕妇身份与贫血状态均与经处理蚊帐的使用情况存在关联，且在纳入社交互动因素后该关联更为显著。贫血非孕妇群体间的互动强度呈现-1.49%的负向估计值，表明模仿行为未带来正向收益。上述研究结论对疟疾防控项目具有重要指导意义，强调需在加纳疟疾流行区域针对孕妇与非孕妇群体开展精准干预，以提升经处理蚊帐的使用率。