Replication Data for: A note on testing guilt aversion

We compare three approaches to test for guilt aversion in two economic experiments. The first approach elicits second-order beliefs using self-reports. The second approach discloses first-order beliefs of matched players to decision makers, which are taken as exogenous second-order beliefs of decision makers. The third approach lets decision makers make choices conditional on a sequence of possible first-order beliefs of matched players. We find that the first and third approach generate similar results, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The second approach, however, generates significantly higher levels of `kindness' for low levels of beliefs: at a second-order belief of zero, the probability of choosing the `kind' action is between 43 and 65 percentage points higher than with the other approaches.

我们在两项经济实验中，对比了三种用于检验内疚厌恶（guilt aversion）的研究范式。第一种方法通过自我报告法采集二阶信念（second-order beliefs）数据。第二种方法将配对参与者的一阶信念（first-order beliefs）披露给决策者，并将其作为决策者的外生二阶信念。第三种方法允许决策者依据配对参与者的一系列可能的一阶信念做出条件性选择。研究结果显示，第一种与第三种方法在定性与定量层面均得到了相似的结果。然而，当信念水平较低时，第二种方法所测得的「友善」选择占比显著更高：在二阶信念为0的情况下，选择「友善」行动的概率较另外两种方法高出43至65个百分点。