Range analysis data.

Gangue backfill mining technology represents a significant advancement in green mining, mitigating mine pressure and rock mass movements, thereby ensuring underground production safety. To investigate the mechanism of pressure reduction and the sensitivity of factors in gangue backfill mining, a mechanical model was first developed. Then, a method for calculating mining pressure in gangue backfill mining was derived based on the stress characteristics. Numerical simulation methods were then employed to analyze the patterns of mining pressure reduction. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed using range analysis and variance analysis to determine the sensitivity of factors. The results indicate that: (1) The manifestation of mining pressure in gangue backfill mining is influenced by factors such as mining height and backfill collapse ratio; (2) Under the support of coal gangue, the concentrated stress in the coal seam significantly decreases, forming an arched shape according to the mining stages; (3) The range of plastic failure in the coal seam remains relatively stable under gangue backfill mining, with the plastic zone of the roof plate exhibiting a strip-like distribution; (4) Both range analysis and variance analysis revealed that the sensitivity ranking is backfill collapse ratio > mining height > elastic modulus. Variance analysis further confirms that mining height and backfill collapse ratio have significant impacts, while the elastic modulus of coal gangue has a negligible impact. The study analyzed the manifestation law of coal seam pressure under backfill mining and revealed the sensitivity of the main control factors, which can provide theoretical support for the stability control of coal seams under backfill mining.

矸石充填采矿（Gangue backfill mining）技术是绿色采矿（green mining）领域的重大技术进步，可有效缓解矿山压力（mine pressure）与岩体移动（rock mass movements），保障井下生产安全。为探明矸石充填采矿的卸压机理及各影响因素的敏感性，研究首先构建了力学模型（mechanical model）；随后基于应力特征（stress characteristics）推导了矸石充填采矿的采矿压力计算方法；继而采用数值模拟（numerical simulation）方法分析了采压卸压规律；最后通过极差分析（range analysis）与方差分析（variance analysis）开展敏感性分析（sensitivity analysis），以明确各因素的敏感性排序。研究结果表明：(1) 矸石充填采矿下的矿山压力显现特征受采高（mining height）、充填体垮落比（backfill collapse ratio）等因素影响；(2) 在煤矸石（coal gangue）的支护作用下，煤层内集中应力（concentrated stress）显著降低，并随开采阶段呈现拱形分布特征；(3) 矸石充填采矿条件下，煤层塑性破坏（plastic failure）范围相对稳定，顶板（roof plate）塑性区呈条带状分布；(4) 极差分析与方差分析均显示，各因素敏感性排序为：充填体垮落比＞采高＞弹性模量（elastic modulus）。方差分析进一步证实，采高与充填体垮落比影响显著，而煤矸石的弹性模量影响可忽略不计。本研究明确了充填采矿条件下煤层压力的显现规律，揭示了主控因素的敏感性特征，可为充填采矿场景下的煤层稳定性控制提供理论支撑。