Condition of Bombus impatiens colonies that were evaluated immediately after being exposed to insecticide-treated turf with flowering white clover for 2 wk.

Plots were treated June 1; bee colonies were introduced the following day.Data are means (± SE). ANOVA (df = 2, 22): live, F = 4.57, PF = 9.88, PF = 3.46, P = 0.05; live immature, F = 0.57, P = 0.57; dead immature, F = 9.25, PF = 3.56, PF = 0.69, P = 0.51;*denotes means significantly higher or lower than colonies on untreated turf (Dunnett's test, α = 0.05).aAll adults (other than original queen) were workers as there would not have been time for males to emerge from the brood (K. Skyrm, Koppert Biological Systems, personal communication).blarvae, pupae, and fully-formed workers still enclosed in the pupal exoskeleton within the cell.cadult workers and original queen.

试验小区于6月1日完成处理；蜂群于次日引入。数据以均值 ± 标准误（standard error, SE）表示。方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA）（自由度df=2, 22）：存活个体组，F=4.57，PF=9.88，PF=3.46，P=0.05；未成熟存活个体组，F=0.57，P=0.57；未成熟死亡个体组，F=9.25，PF=3.56，PF=0.69，P=0.51；*表示均值与未处理草坪上的蜂群存在显著差异（Dunnett检验，α=0.05）。a 所有成虫（原蜂王除外）均为工蜂，因尚无足够时间让雄蜂从封盖幼虫中羽化（K. Skyrm，科伯特生物系统（Koppert Biological Systems），私人通信）。b 幼虫、蛹，以及仍包裹在巢房内蛹壳中的成熟工蜂。c 成年工蜂与原蜂王。