Table1_Kinetic and Kinematic Features of Pedestrian Avoidance Behavior in Motor Vehicle Conflicts.docx

The active behaviors of pedestrians, such as avoidance motions, affect the resultant injury risk in vehicle–pedestrian collisions. However, the biomechanical features of these behaviors remain unquantified, leading to a gap in the development of biofidelic research tools and tailored protection for pedestrians in real-world traffic scenarios. In this study, we prompted subjects (“pedestrians”) to exhibit natural avoidance behaviors in well-controlled near-real traffic conflict scenarios using a previously developed virtual reality (VR)-based experimental platform. We quantified the pedestrian–vehicle interaction processes in the pre-crash phase and extracted the pedestrian postures immediately before collision with the vehicle; these were termed the “pre-crash postures.” We recorded the kinetic and kinematic features of the pedestrian avoidance responses—including the relative locations of the vehicle and pedestrian, pedestrian movement velocity and acceleration, pedestrian posture parameters (joint positions and angles), and pedestrian muscle activation levels—using a motion capture system and physiological signal system. The velocities in the avoidance behaviors were significantly different from those in a normal gait (p < 0.01). Based on the extracted natural reaction features of the pedestrians, this study provides data to support the analysis of pedestrian injury risk, development of biofidelic human body models (HBM), and design of advanced on-vehicle active safety systems.

行人的主动行为（如避让动作）会影响车-行人碰撞事故中的最终损伤风险。然而，此类行为的生物力学特征尚未得到量化，这使得真实交通场景下行人防护所需的生物逼真研究工具开发与定制化防护方案研发存在空白。本研究依托此前开发的基于虚拟现实（VR）的实验平台，在严格控制的近真实交通冲突场景中，引导受试者（即“行人”）做出自然的避让行为。本研究对碰撞前阶段的车-行人交互过程进行了量化，并提取了车辆碰撞前瞬间行人的肢体姿态，此类姿态被定义为“碰撞前姿态”。本研究通过运动捕捉系统与生理信号采集系统，记录了行人避让反应的动力学与运动学特征，涵盖车-行人相对位置、行人运动速度与加速度、行人姿态参数（关节位置与角度）以及行人肌肉激活水平。行人避让行为的运动速度与正常步态存在显著统计学差异（p < 0.01）。基于提取的行人自然反应特征，本研究生成的数据集可为行人损伤风险分析、生物逼真人体模型（Human Body Models, HBM）的开发以及先进车载主动安全系统的设计提供数据支撑。