QIIME2 stats for bacteria.

Soil health and One Health are global concerns, necessitating the development of refined indicators for effective monitoring. In response, we present the Anaconda R Package, a novel tool designed to enhance the analysis of eDNA data for biomonitoring purposes. Employing a combination of different approaches, this package allows for a comprehensive investigation of species abundance and community composition under diverse conditions. This study applied the Anaconda package to examine the impact of two types of duration fire-fallow cropping systems, using natural forests as a reference, on soil fungal and bacterial communities in Maré Island (New Caledonia). Condition-specific taxa were identified, particularly pathogenic fungi and bacteria, demonstrating the importance of long-term fallowing efforts. Notably, this package also revealed the potential contributions of beneficial soil microbes, including saprophytes and plant-endophyte fungi, in suppressing soil-borne pathogens. Over-represented microbial ASVs associated with both plant and animal pathogens, including those of potential concern for human health, were identified. This underscores the importance of maintaining intrinsic balance for effective disease suppression. Importantly, the advanced analytical and statistical methods offered by this package should be harnessed to comprehensively investigate the effects of agricultural practice changes on soil health within the One Health framework. Looking ahead, the application of this method extends beyond the realm of One Health, offering valuable insights into various ecological scenarios. Its versatility holds promise for elucidating complex interactions and dynamics within ecosystems. By leveraging this tool, researchers can explore the broader implications of agricultural practice modifications, facilitating informed decisions and sustainable environmental management.

土壤健康与同一健康（One Health）均为全球关注的重要议题，亟需开发精细化监测指标以实现有效监测。在此背景下，我们推出了Anaconda R软件包——一款专为提升生物监测用环境DNA（eDNA）数据分析能力而研发的新型工具。该软件包整合多种分析方法，可在多样环境条件下全面探究物种丰度与群落组成特征。本研究以天然林为参照，将Anaconda软件包应用于新喀里多尼亚马雷岛（Maré Island）的土壤群落分析，探究两种不同休耕时长的烧荒休耕种植制度对土壤真菌与细菌群落的影响。研究鉴定出了条件特异性类群，尤其是致病真菌与细菌，证实了长期休耕措施的重要意义。值得注意的是，该软件包还揭示了有益土壤微生物（包括腐生生物与植物内生真菌）在抑制土传病原菌方面的潜在作用。此外，本研究还鉴定出了与动植物病原菌（包括可能威胁人类健康的类群）相关的富集微生物扩增子序列变体（Amplicon Sequence Variant，ASV）。这凸显了维持生态内在平衡以实现高效病害抑制的重要性。尤为重要的是，该软件包所提供的先进分析与统计方法，可用于在同一健康框架下全面探究农业生产方式变革对土壤健康的影响。展望未来，该工具的应用范畴并不局限于同一健康领域，可为各类生态场景研究提供宝贵见解。其多功能性有望助力解析生态系统内复杂的物种互作与动态变化过程。研究人员借助该工具，可深入探究农业生产方式变革的多维度影响，从而为科学决策与可持续环境管理提供支撑。