Assessing the implications of mycotoxins on productive efficiency of broilers and growing pigs

ABSTRACT: The effects of mycotoxins on the productive performance of growing pigs and broilers were evaluated using meta-analytical approach. Two databases were constructed: (1) Broilers, with information collected from 51,497 birds and published in 158 scientific papers from 1980 to 2016; and (2) Pigs, with information collected from 7,743 animals and published in 72 scientific papers from 1980 to 2015. The meta-analyses were performed independently for each specie, following three sequential analyses: graphical, correlation, and variance-covariance. Broilers and pigs challenged by mycotoxins reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake by 9 and 6 %, weight gain by 15 and 11 %, and feed efficiency by 6 and 4 % compared with non-challenged animals, respectively. Aflatoxins were the most studied mycotoxins in both databases. Birds and pigs challenged by aflatoxins reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake by 10 and 8 %, growth by 15 and 11 %, and feed efficiency by 6 and 7 % compared to non-challenged animals, respectively. In both databases, variation on growth performance due to mycotoxins showed a linear relationship (p < 0.05) with the feed intake variation caused by the challenge. The intercepts of the regression-based equations were different from zero and negative, which may indicate that mycotoxins altered the maintenance requirements in challenged animals. In conclusion, both broilers and growing pigs show losses in performance responses and worse nutritional efficiency when challenged by mycotoxins.

摘要：本研究采用荟萃分析方法，评估了真菌毒素（mycotoxins）对生长育肥猪与肉鸡生产性能的影响。本研究构建了两个数据库：(1) 肉鸡数据库：涵盖1980年至2016年间发表的158篇学术论文，涉及51497羽肉鸡；(2) 生猪数据库：涵盖1980年至2015年间发表的72篇学术论文，涉及7743头生猪。针对两个物种分别开展独立的荟萃分析，依次完成三类分析：图形分析、相关性分析以及方差协方差分析。与未暴露于真菌毒素的对照动物相比，暴露于真菌毒素的肉鸡与生猪的采食量分别降低9%、6%，日增重分别降低15%、11%，饲料转化率分别降低6%、4%，且差异均具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxins）是两个数据库中研究最多的真菌毒素类型。与未暴露的对照动物相比，暴露于黄曲霉毒素的肉鸡与生猪的采食量分别降低10%、8%，生长性能分别降低15%、11%，饲料转化率分别降低6%、7%，差异均具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。在两个数据库中，真菌毒素引发的生长性能变化与染毒导致的采食量变化呈线性相关关系，且差异具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。基于回归方程的截距均不为零且为负值，这表明真菌毒素可能改变了染毒动物的维持营养需求。综上，肉鸡与生长育肥猪在暴露于真菌毒素后，均会出现生产性能下降与营养利用效率降低的情况。