Measured and simulated behavior of heat pump in low energy building: short cycling and storage impact.

In a French research project, a new predictive building model tuning have been developed and applied to a fully occupied, well instrumented demonstrator 700 m² offices building with a high level of thermal insulation of the envelope. In the first part of the paper, the building characteristics with equipments and the monitoring specifications are described. In a second part, the development and validation process of the EnergyPlus building energy performance simulation model used in the project are explained. This experimental validation has been done in four steps: (i) building air tightness testing and HVAC equipment commissioning, (ii) tuning of parameters influencing dynamics calculation (iii) comparison of long term energy consumption (iv) analysis of heat pump equipment performances discrepancies especially with specific dynamic measurement campaigns. The high impact of the load factor on heat pump system efficiency and on start and stop cycles is clearly shown. In a third part, a parametric study is discussed to explain the heat pump system behaviour in running conditions. Two building models with quite different levels of thermal insulation and air tightness have been simulated in order to assess the monitoring analysis results. Then, the last part is dedicated to a parametric study performed so as to evaluate the impact of the hydraulic circuit (serial / parallel hydraulic circuit of the thermal energy storage tank with different storage sizes) of the heat pump system and control strategies used for its operation. An optimal operation scheme has been applied by simulation to the thermal energy storage system thank to a dedicated system model using MATLAB software. The efficiency of this optimal solution has been evaluated by simulation. The Coefficient Of Performance (COP) and the System Performance Factor (SPF) of the heat generation system are dramatically improved and number of start and stop cycles reduced.

本法国研究项目中开发了一种新型建筑预测模型调校方法，并将其应用于一栋建筑面积700平方米、配备完善监测设备、围护结构保温性能优异的满员办公示范建筑。
本文第一部分阐述了该建筑的设备配置、建筑特性以及监测方案。
第二部分说明了本项目所采用的EnergyPlus建筑能耗性能模拟模型的开发与验证流程。本次实验验证分为四个步骤：(i) 建筑气密性测试与暖通空调（Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, HVAC）设备调试；(ii) 影响动态计算的参数调校；(iii) 长期能耗对比分析；(iv) 热泵设备性能偏差分析，尤其针对专项动态实测活动开展的分析。研究明确揭示了负荷因子对热泵系统能效及启停循环的显著影响。
本文第三部分展开参数化研究，以阐明热泵系统在运行工况下的性能表现。为验证监测分析结果，研究针对两款保温性能与气密性差异显著的建筑模型开展了模拟。
随后最后一部分开展参数化研究，以评估热泵系统的水循环回路（含不同容积的蓄热罐串联/并联水循环回路）及其运行控制策略的影响。研究借助基于MATLAB软件开发的专用系统模型，通过模拟手段为蓄热系统配置了最优运行方案。通过模拟评估了该最优方案的能效表现：热源系统的性能系数（Coefficient Of Performance, COP）与系统性能因子（System Performance Factor, SPF）得到显著提升，启停循环次数也大幅减少。