Impact of Nursing Care in Comorbid Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

As living standards continue to rise, an increasing number of people face various physical health issues, with high-risk cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) being among the most prevalent. Effectively improving treatment and accelerating recovery in cardiac patients has become a social issue. A number of studies have proven that the significant social and economic changes in our society affect personal health. So, they lead to development of various concomitant chronic diseases. The main CVDs risk factors include: high blood pressure, lipid metabolism disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, low physical activity, psycho-emotional stress, unhealthy diet and others. Тhe risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD) can be greatly lowered by reducing or eliminating the impact of certain risk factors. We need coordinated efforts, while providing inpatient and outpatient care, to educate and encourage the patient to change to a healthier lifestyle. An important task of cardiac nurses is to act preventively in the long term. They need resources, skills and knowledge to effectively lead patient health education. Beyond their specialized expertise in cardiovascular care, they must apply evidence-based practices and provide personalized treatment. Strong communication, effective information sharing, and patient education are fundamental to successful preventive cardiology.随着生活水平持续提升，越来越多人面临各类躯体健康问题，其中高危心血管疾病（CVDs）是最为常见的一类。有效改善心脏病患者的治疗结局、加快其康复进程，已成为一项亟待解决的社会议题。多项研究证实，当前社会中显著的社会与经济变革会对个人健康造成负面影响，进而诱发各类伴随性慢性病。心血管疾病的主要危险因素包括：高血压、脂代谢紊乱、过量饮酒、吸烟、肥胖、糖尿病、体力活动不足、心理情绪应激、不健康饮食等。通过减少或消除部分危险因素的影响，可大幅降低缺血性心脏病（IHD）的发病风险。我们需要协同各方力量，在为患者提供住院与门诊护理服务的同时，开展健康教育并鼓励其养成更健康的生活方式。心脏科护士的一项核心任务是长期开展预防性护理工作，他们需要具备相应的资源、技能与专业知识，以高效开展患者健康教育工作。除了具备心血管护理的专业专长之外，他们还需运用循证实践方法，并为患者提供个体化治疗方案。良好的医患沟通、高效的信息共享与患者教育，是成功开展预防性心脏病学工作的核心基础。