Phylogeny of the Eocene Aphalarinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Baltic amber, with description of a new species using X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning, and a new genus synonymy

A new Eocene species of Psylloidea is described from Baltic amber. <i>Eogyropsylla pankowskii</i> Ashe-Jepson &amp; Ouvrard sp. nov., along with <i>E. magna</i> and <i>E. parva</i>, is micro- computed tomography (CT) scanned to produce three-dimensional reconstructions, facilitating the detailed description of its morphology, and updated descriptions of other members of <i>Eogyropsylla</i>. The thoracic structures are described in detail. <i>Eogyropsylla pankowskii</i> may be the first fossil psyllid found excreting honeydew. With the addition of this species, a phylogeny of <i>Eogyropsylla</i> is constructed using a discrete character matrix of morphological characters. These characters have been collected from the micro-CT scans, from direct observation, and from published literature for all known members of the genus. <i>Parascenia weitschati</i> Klimaszewski, 1997 appears wrongly classified in a separate genus based on male genitalia characters only, and we conclude that <i>Parascenia</i> Klimaszewski, 1997 is a junior synonym of <i>Eogyropsylla</i> Klimaszewski, 1993. <i>Eogyropsylla</i> now contains eight species, with <i>Eogyropsylla weitschati</i> comb. nov. being the only known male of the genus. The assignment of <i>Eogyropsylla</i> to Aphalarinae is confirmed. This genus branches basally in the aphalarine cladogram, as sister group to <i>Colposcenia</i>. The early evolution and Laurasian origin of the oldest known modern Psylloidea is discussed. This study demonstrates that micro-CT techniques are an invaluable tool for palaeontology and entomology.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAF44D3D-4C64-41E3-B525-E9E158302CC9

本研究记述了一件产自波罗的海琥珀的始新世木虱总科（Psylloidea）新物种。潘氏始新木虱（*Eogyropsylla pankowskii* Ashe-Jepson & Ouvrard, sp. nov.）连同*E. magna*与*E. parva*一同通过显微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）获取了三维重建模型，为该物种的形态学详细记述以及始新木虱属（*Eogyropsylla*）其他类群的修订描述提供了支撑。

本研究对该属物种的胸部结构进行了详细记述。潘氏始新木虱可能是首个被发现排泄蜜露的化石木虱。

基于该新增物种，研究利用形态特征离散特征矩阵构建了始新木虱属的系统发育关系，所用特征数据源自显微CT扫描结果、直接观察以及该属所有已知类群的已发表文献。

1997年建立的魏氏副斯氏木虱（*Parascenia weitschati* Klimaszewski, 1997）仅依据雄性外生殖器特征被置于独立属中，实为不合理；研究认为*Parascenia* Klimaszewski, 1997是*Eogyropsylla* Klimaszewski, 1993的次异名。现始新木虱属包含8个物种，其中魏氏始新木虱新组合（*Eogyropsylla weitschati* comb. nov.）是该属目前仅知的雄性类群。

本研究证实了始新木虱属归入无网木虱亚科（Aphalarinae）的分类地位。该属在无网木虱亚科的分支谱系图中处于基部位置，与*Colposcenia*构成姊妹群。

本研究还讨论了已知最古老的现代木虱总科（Psylloidea）的早期演化及劳亚大陆起源。

本研究证实显微CT技术是古生物学与昆虫学研究中极为宝贵的工具。
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAF44D3D-4C64-41E3-B525-E9E158302CC9