The statistical results of the GSMCS.

In order to address many issues, such as the inconsistent and unreliable seeding process in traditional mechanical garlic seed metering systems (SMS), as well as the lack of ability to monitor the effectiveness of the seeding, a highly accurate electric-driven metering system (EDMS) was developed and created specifically for garlic seed planters. This study provided a description of the overall structure and functioning principle, as well as an analysis of the mechanism for smooth transit and delivery. A combination of an infrared (IR) sensor, Arduino Mega board, stepper motor, speed sensor, and a Wi-Fi module was employed to operate the EDMS, as well as monitor and count the quantity of garlic seeds during the planting process and determine the qualified rate (QR) and missing rate (MR). A monitoring system of the planting quality of garlic seeds was created based on the IoT concept. Then, the performance of the EDMS was validated in a laboratory setting utilizing a bench test at six operating velocities of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 rpm of the EDMS. The obtained results showed that the correlation coefficient between the actual and detected garlic seed using the garlic seed monitoring and counting system (GSMCS) was 0.9723. Additionally, the EDMS observed a maximum QR of 96.23% at an operating velocity of 20 rpm, with a standard division and standard error of 1.61030 and 0.72015, respectively. Additionally, the EDMS minimized the MR up to 3.77% at the same operating velocity, with standard division and standard error of 1.65325 and 0.73936, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated a progressive increase in the QR and MQ standard errors as the EDMS’s operating velocity increased. Additionally, the sensor’s monitoring accuracy gradually declined with an increase in the operating speed of the EDMS. Finally, this study introduced a novel EDMS to garlic seed planters that was not used before. The developed EDMS and GSMCS are technical manuals for developing and designing monitoring systems capable of precisely measuring and identifying the rates of qualifying and missing garlic seed measurements.

针对传统机械式大蒜排种系统（SMS）存在的排种过程一致性差、可靠性不足，且无法监测排种效果等诸多问题，本研究专门针对大蒜播种机研发构建了一款高精度电动排种系统（EDMS）。本研究阐述了该系统的整体结构与工作原理，并对其顺畅输种、排种的运行机理开展了分析。本研究采用红外（IR）传感器、Arduino Mega主控板、步进电机、转速传感器以及Wi-Fi模块，实现电动排种系统的操控，并可在播种过程中监测、统计大蒜种粒数量，进而计算合格率（QR）与漏播率（MR）。基于物联网（Internet of Things, IoT）理念，本研究构建了大蒜播种质量监测系统。随后，本研究通过台架试验，在电动排种系统转速分别为10、20、30、40、50、60转每分钟的6种工况下，于实验室环境中验证了该系统的性能表现。试验结果表明，依托大蒜种粒监测计数系统（GSMCS）测得的种粒数量与实际种粒数量间的相关系数为0.9723。此外，当运行转速为20转每分钟时，电动排种系统的合格率最高可达96.23%，对应的标准差与标准误分别为1.61030与0.72015。在同一转速工况下，该系统的漏播率最低可降至3.77%，对应的标准差与标准误分别为1.65325与0.73936。进一步研究结果显示，随着电动排种系统运行转速提升，合格率与漏播率的标准误均呈逐步上升趋势。此外，传感器的监测精度随系统运行转速升高逐渐降低。最后，本研究为大蒜播种机引入了一种此前未被应用的新型电动排种系统。本研究研发的电动排种系统与大蒜种粒监测计数系统，可为开发、设计可精准计量与识别大蒜种粒合格、漏播率的监测系统提供技术参考。