Table_2_Scaling up: microbiome manipulation for climate change adaptation in large organic vineyards.docx

Regenerative agriculture offers important solutions to the enormous challenges that the climate crisis poses on food production. However, there are doubts about the possibility of implementing many of these solutions in a particularly important sector: the large scale. This paper addresses the issue, presenting examples of large-scale vineyard soil microbiome manipulation in Chile. The South American country has strongly faced the effects of climate change during the last decade and the organic viticulture sector is actively seeking strategies to adapt to the new climatic reality. Here the results of 4 experiments under real production conditions are shown. The experiments were designed to assess the effects of adding various microbial consortia to the soil on key agronomic parameters. Successful as well as unsuccessful cases are presented, allowing discussion of some conditions under which the microbiome manipulation can be expected to have positive effects. It was found that under good management conditions, incorporating effective microorganisms has positive effects on important production parameters (yield, root and vegetative growth). However, when fields yields are trending downward for prolonged periods, the incorporation of effective microbial consortia (e.g., antagonistic fungi, nutrient-fixing and nutrient-solubilizing bacteria) does not have a positive effect on the vineyard trend immediately. Similarly, even in favorable conditions the positive effects cannot be expected to be expressed in the short term (i.e., in just a few months). Therefore, its use should be conceived as a long-term strategy, not as an immediate solution to urgent management problems.

再生农业（Regenerative agriculture）为气候危机给粮食生产带来的严峻挑战提供了关键解决方案。然而，诸多解决方案能否在至关重要的大规模生产领域落地，仍存疑虑。本研究针对该问题展开探讨，并展示了智利境内开展的大规模葡萄园土壤微生物组调控（vineyard soil microbiome manipulation）实例。过去十年间，这个南美国家深受气候变化影响，有机葡萄栽培产业正积极探索适配全新气候现实的应对策略。本文呈现了4项在实际生产条件下开展的实验结果，这些实验旨在评估向土壤中施加不同微生物联合体（microbial consortia）对核心农艺参数（agronomic parameters）的影响。研究同时涵盖了成功与失败的实践案例，借此探讨微生物组调控发挥积极效果的若干前提条件。研究发现，在良好的管理条件下，施加有效微生物可对核心生产参数（产量、根系与营养生长）产生积极影响。但当地块产量长期处于下行趋势时，直接施加有效微生物联合体（如拮抗真菌、固氮与溶养分细菌）无法立刻扭转葡萄园的产量颓势。同理，即便处于有利条件，积极效果也无法在短期内（仅数月内）显现。因此，该技术的应用应被视为一项长期战略，而非解决紧急生产管理问题的即时方案。