Supplementary information files for "Revisiting the ancient origins of gender inequality"

Supplementary files for article "Revisiting the ancient origins of gender inequality"<br><br>This study re-examines the long-term effect of traditional plough use on contemporary gender roles, as originally advanced by Alesina, Giuliano and Nunn [Quarterly Journal of Economics (2013) Vol. 128, pp. 469 – 530]. The findings demonstrate that the reduced-form relationship between historical plough adoption and female empowerment is robust to implementing a falsification test, using alternative proxies for gender roles, and accounting for potential selection bias from unobservables and spatial dependence. Additional evidence indicates that ancestral plough adoption reinforced the persistence of gender-biased norms, reflected in oral traditions, that continue to shape present-day gender inequality. However, the intergenerational transmission of these norms is substantially weaker in societies whose ancestors were exposed to unstable climatic environments between 500 CE and 1900 CE, suggesting that ancestral instability constrained the cultural persistence of plough-induced gender roles.<br><br>© The Author(s). CC-BY 4.0

本补充材料对应论文《重新审视性别不平等的古老起源》（Revisiting the ancient origins of gender inequality）

本研究重新检验了传统犁耕使用对当代性别角色的长期影响，该假说最初由Alesina、Giuliano与Nunn提出[《经济学季刊》（Quarterly Journal of Economics），2013年，第128卷，第469–530页]。研究结果表明，历史上犁耕采用与女性赋权之间的简化式关系具有稳健性：通过开展安慰剂检验、使用性别角色的替代代理变量，以及控制来自不可观测因素与空间相关性的潜在选择性偏差，该关系均保持稳定。额外的实证证据显示，祖先世代采用犁耕强化了带有性别偏见的规范的延续性——这类规范体现在口头传统中，并持续塑造着当今的性别不平等状况。然而，在祖先曾在公元500年至1900年间经历不稳定气候环境的社会中，这些规范的代际传递强度显著更弱，这表明祖先时期的气候不稳定制约了犁耕引发的性别角色的文化延续性。

© 作者。知识共享署名4.0许可协议（CC-BY 4.0）