ANATOMY OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE LIVER (Vena portae, arteria hepatica, venous outflow)

The vascular system of the liver is a complex and unique anatomical and functional structure that provides a double blood supply to the organ. The liver (hepar) receives blood from both the portal vein (vena portae) and the hepatic artery (arteria hepatica propria), which causes its high metabolic activity. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of studying the vascular architecture of the liver for clinical practice, especially in surgery, transplantology and diagnostics of vascular pathologies. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive study of the anatomy of the vascular system of the liver, including the features of portal circulation, arterial inflow and venous outflow.肝脏脉管系统（vascular system of the liver）是兼具解剖与功能双重特性的复杂独特结构，可为该器官提供双重血液供应。肝脏（hepar）的血液供应源自门静脉（portal vein，vena portae）与肝固有动脉（hepatic artery，arteria hepatica propria），这一特征使其具备极高的代谢活性。 本研究主题的相关性源于肝脏脉管架构研究在临床实践中的重要价值，尤其在外科学、移植医学及血管病变诊断领域中具有关键意义。 本研究旨在全面探究肝脏脉管系统的解剖结构，涵盖门静脉循环、动脉供血与静脉回流的各项特征。