Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)

YOUth is a large-scale longitudinal cohort study following children from the city of Utrecht and its surrounding areas in their development from pregnancy until early adulthood. The YOUth cohort focuses on neurocognitive development involved in two core characteristics of behavioral development: social competence and behavioral control. YOUth includes children from the general population to cover the whole range of variation in behavioral development, ranging from uncomplicated development, through problem behavior, to psychiatric disorders. To understand why some children develop problematic behavior, and others show resilience, YOUth measures a broad range of biological, child-related and environmental determinants.

YOUth conducts repeated measurements at regular intervals (i.e. 'waves'). Specifically, the study has two inclusion moments: YOUth Baby & Child and YOUth Child & Adolescent. YOUth applies a flexible longitudinal design to the cohorts, meaning that children are measured at broader age ranges (3-year age ranges) at each wave. The main benefit of the flexible age design is that it provides more detailed information on the neurodevelopmental curves over time.

An extensive data set is generated, including 3D-ultrasound sweeps of the fetal brain, eye tracking, EEG, (f)MRI, computer tasks, cognitive measurements and parent-child observations. We also collect a broad range of questionnaires on behavior, personality, health, lifestyle, parenting, child development, use of (social) media and more. Finally, (umbilical) blood samples, buccal swabs, saliva and hair samples are collected at each visit, and stored in the UMC Utrecht Biobank.

YOUth是一项大型纵向队列研究（longitudinal cohort study），追踪荷兰乌得勒支市及其周边地区儿童从孕期直至成年早期的成长发育历程。该队列聚焦行为发育两大核心特征相关的神经认知发育：社交能力（social competence）与行为控制（behavioral control）。YOUth招募了普通人群中的儿童，以覆盖行为发育的全部变异谱——从无并发症的正常发育、问题行为直至精神障碍。为阐明为何部分儿童会出现问题行为、而另一部分则展现出韧性（resilience），YOUth对一系列广泛的生物学、儿童自身相关及环境决定因素进行了测量。
YOUth采用定期重复测量（即"随访波次（waves）"）的方案。具体而言，本研究包含两个入组节点：YOUth Baby & Child与YOUth Child & Adolescent。该队列采用灵活的纵向研究设计，即每个随访波次针对更宽泛的年龄范围（3年年龄跨度）开展测量。这种灵活年龄设计的核心优势在于，能够为随时间变化的神经发育曲线提供更为精细的信息。
研究生成了海量数据集，涵盖胎儿大脑三维超声扫描（3D-ultrasound sweeps）、眼动追踪（eye tracking）、脑电图（EEG）、功能磁共振成像（(f)MRI）、计算机任务测验、认知评估以及亲子互动观察。此外，研究团队还收集了涵盖行为、人格、健康、生活方式、养育方式、儿童发育、（社交）媒体使用等诸多领域的大量问卷数据。最后，每次随访都会采集脐带血（umbilical blood）样本、口腔拭子（buccal swabs）、唾液及毛发样本，并存储于乌得勒支大学医学中心生物样本库（UMC Utrecht Biobank）。