Table_6_Integration of miRNAs, Degradome, and Transcriptome Omics Uncovers a Complex Regulatory Network and Provides Insights Into Lipid and Fatty Acid Synthesis During Sesame Seed Development.XLS

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) has always been known as a health-promoting oilseed crop because of its nutrient-rich oil. In recent years, studies have focused on lipid and fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in various plants by high-throughput sequencing. Here, we integrated transcriptomics, small RNAs, and the degradome to establish a comprehensive reserve intensive on key regulatory micro RNA (miRNA)-targeting circuits to better understand the transcriptional and translational regulation of the oil biosynthesis mechanism in sesame seed development. Deep sequencing was performed to differentially express 220 miRNAs, including 65 novel miRNAs, in different developmental periods of seeds. GO and integrated KEGG analysis revealed 32 pairs of miRNA targets with negatively correlated expression profiles, of which 12 miRNA-target pairs were further confirmed by RT-PCR. In addition, a regulatory co-expression network was constructed based on the differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles. The FAD2, LOC10515945, LOC105161564, and LOC105162196 genes were clustered into groups that regulate the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. The results provide a unique advanced molecular platform for the study of lipid and FA biosynthesis, and this study may serve as a new theoretical reference to obtain increased levels of UFA from higher-quality sesame seed cultivars and other plants.

芝麻（Sesamum indicum L.）因其油脂营养丰富，一直以来被视为有益健康的油料作物。近年来，研究人员依托高通量测序技术，围绕多种植物的脂质与脂肪酸（Fatty Acid, FA）生物合成机制展开了大量研究。本研究整合转录组学、小RNA以及降解组学数据，构建了针对关键调控性microRNA（miRNA）靶标调控回路的综合数据集，以期深入解析芝麻种子发育过程中油脂生物合成机制的转录与翻译调控规律。本研究通过深度测序，在芝麻种子的不同发育时期鉴定出220个差异表达的miRNA，其中包含65个新型miRNA。基因本体（Gene Ontology, GO）与整合京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG）富集分析显示，共有32对miRNA靶标基因呈现出表达谱负相关的特征，其中12对miRNA-靶标基因对经实时荧光定量PCR（Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-PCR）验证得到确认。此外，本研究基于差异表达基因（Differentially Expressed Gene, DEG）表达谱构建了调控共表达网络。其中，FAD2、LOC10515945、LOC105161564以及LOC105162196等基因被聚类至调控不饱和脂肪酸（Unsaturated Fatty Acid, UFA）生物合成与积累的基因簇中。本研究结果为脂质与脂肪酸生物合成的相关研究提供了一套独特的先进分子研究平台，同时也为从优质芝麻品种及其他植物中获取更高水平不饱和脂肪酸提供了全新的理论参考依据。