Syntaxonomical revision of the <i>Triseto flavescentis-Polygonion bistortae</i> alliance in the Carpathians

This phytosociological study of the Carpathian species-rich mesophilous mountain hay meadows (<i>Triseto flavescentis-Polygonion bistortae</i> alliance, <i>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</i> class) presents the first unified large-scale classification system in four countries: Slovakia, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. The starting dataset contained relevés of the <i>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</i>, <i>Mulgedio-Aconitetea</i> and <i>Nardetea strictae</i> classes. Numerical classification and semi-supervised classification by K-means method were used for the analyses. An electronic expert system and diagnostic species for grassland vegetation served for identification of <i>a priori</i> groups in K-means method. The final dataset contained 612 relevés. Altitude, climatic data and Ellenberg indicator values were used for ecological differentiation of syntaxa. The main gradients in floristic composition were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Finally, the eight well-differentiated associations and one newly described association were determined: <i>Campanulo glomeratae-Geranietum sylvatici</i>, <i>Geranio sylvatici-Trisetetum flavescentis</i>, <i>Crepido mollis-Agrostietum capillaris</i>, <i>Geranio-Alchemilletum crinitae</i>, <i>Alchemillo-Deschampsietum caespitosae</i>, <i>Phyteumo (orbicularis)-Trifolietum pratensis</i>, <i>Astrantio-Trisetetum flavescentis</i>, <i>Trollio altissimi-Knautietum dipsacifoliae</i> and <i>Violo declinatae-Agrostietum capillaris</i> ass. nova. The differences in vegetation diversity of mountain hay meadows between particular countries were confirmed: <i>Alchemillo-Deschampsietum caespitosae</i> occurs in all studied territories, <i>Campanulo glomeratae-Geranietum sylvatici</i> occurs predominantly in Slovakia and the newly described association <i>Violo declinatae-Agrostietum capillaris</i> ass. nova could be found only in Ukraine.本研究针对喀尔巴阡山脉物种丰富的中生性山地干草甸（隶属于Molinio-Arrhenatheretea群丛纲下的Triseto flavescentis-Polygonion bistortae群丛组）开展植物群落学研究，构建了首个覆盖斯洛伐克、波兰、罗马尼亚、乌克兰四国的大型统一分类体系。初始数据集涵盖Molinio-Arrhenatheretea、Mulgedio-Aconitetea及Nardetea strictae三个群丛纲的植被样方记录。分析过程采用数值分类法与基于K均值（K-means）的半监督分类方法；其中K均值聚类法借助电子专家系统与草原植被特征种来确定先验（a priori）分组。最终数据集共包含612条样方记录。研究采用海拔数据、气候资料与埃伦伯格指示值（Ellenberg indicator values）对各植物群落单位进行生态分化分析；通过除趋势对应分析（Detrended Correspondence Analysis, DCA）解析植物区系组成的主要梯度。最终确定了8个分化良好的群丛与1个新描述群丛，分别为：Campanulo glomeratae-Geranietum sylvatici、Geranio sylvatici-Trisetetum flavescentis、Crepido mollis-Agrostietum capillaris、Geranio-Alchemilletum crinitae、Alchemillo-Deschampsietum caespitosae、Phyteumo (orbicularis)-Trifolietum pratensis、Astrantio-Trisetetum flavescentis、Trollio altissimi-Knautietum dipsacifoliae，以及新群丛Violo declinatae-Agrostietum capillaris ass. nova。研究证实了不同国家间山地干草甸植被多样性存在显著差异：Alchemillo-Deschampsietum caespitosae在所有研究区域均有分布，Campanulo glomeratae-Geranietum sylvatici主要分布于斯洛伐克，而本次新描述的Violo declinatae-Agrostietum capillaris ass. nova仅见于乌克兰。