Agronomic performance of rootstocks on the juice grape ‘BRS Magna’ grown in a Brazilian semi-arid region

Abstract Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture worldwide and can affect the yield components and quality of grapes and their juices and wines. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the rootstock on the yield performance and physical and physical-chemical traits of ‘BRS Magna’ juice grapes grown in the Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. The study was performed over six production cycles in the period from 2015 to 2019 in the Bebedouro experimental field of Embrapa Semiárido in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of seven grapevine rootstocks: IAC 572, IAC 766, IAC 313, Paulsen 1103, SO4, Harmony, and Freedom. The following variables were evaluated: estimated yield, number of grape bunches per plant, branch and leaf fresh matter, bunch weight, bunch length and width, berry weight, total soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS to TA ratio (SS:TA). Significant effects of the rootstock were observed in all the variables except for SS. The rootstock ‘IAC 572’ led to increases of up to 61% in the yield of ‘BRS Magna’ grapevines, or 32.78 ton.ha-1, with significant responses in the other yield components. Results of the scatterplot in relation to the first three principal components allowed separation of the rootstocks in accordance with production cycles. The mean values for SS and TA characterize this cultivar in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco, with high soluble solids content and low acidity resulting in high SS:TA, as having potential for preparation of high quality juices, regardless of the rootstock used.

摘要 砧木（rootstock）在全球葡萄栽培中应用广泛，可影响葡萄及其果汁、葡萄酒的产量构成与品质。本研究旨在探究砧木对巴西圣弗朗西斯科河谷中游（Submédio do Vale do São Francisco）产区种植的‘BRS Magna’榨汁葡萄的产量表现及物理、物理化学性状的影响。研究于2015至2019年间，在巴西伯南布哥州佩特罗利纳市的巴西农业研究公司半干旱研究所（Embrapa Semiárido）贝贝杜罗试验田开展，共覆盖6个生产周期。试验共设置7个葡萄砧木处理：IAC 572、IAC 766、IAC 313、Paulsen 1103、SO4、Harmony及Freedom。评估指标涵盖：预估产量、单株果串数、枝蔓与叶片鲜重、果串重量、果串长度与宽度、单粒果重、可溶性固形物总量（SS）、可滴定酸度（TA）以及SS与TA比值（SS:TA）。除SS外，其余所有指标均表现出显著的砧木效应。砧木‘IAC 572’可使‘BRS Magna’葡萄的产量提升最高达61%，即32.78吨·公顷⁻¹，同时其余产量构成指标也表现出显著响应。基于前三个主成分的散点图结果，可依据生产周期对不同砧木进行区分。在该产区，‘BRS Magna’的SS与TA均值特征表现为：可溶性固形物含量较高、酸度较低，进而拥有较高的SS:TA比值，无论使用何种砧木，该品种均具备酿制高品质果汁的潜力。