Data_Sheet_1_The Influence of Personality, Resilience, and Alexithymia on Mental Health During COVID-19 Pandemic.zip

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries worldwide have put lockdowns in place to prevent the virus from spreading. Evidence shows that lockdown measures can affect mental health; it is, therefore, important to identify the psychological characteristics making individuals more vulnerable. The present study aimed, first, to identify, through a cluster analysis, the psychological attributes that characterize individuals with similar psychological responses to the COVID-19 home confinement; second, to investigate whether different psychological characteristics, such as personality traits, alexithymia, and resilience, specifically influence anxiety, stress, and depression, depending on the scope of the confinement. We analyzed data from 393 participants who completed an online survey on their experiences during two different phases of the Italian lockdown, characterized by more or less strict measures of confinement. Two clusters were identified which included participants reporting a better (+ER) and worse (−ER) emotional response to the lockdown, respectively. Individuals in the −ER group showed lower emotional stability, resilience, and higher alexithymia. Moreover, even if lifting part of the restrictions decreased psychological distress among all participants, a reduction in perceived stress was observed only among individuals with high resilience. Finally, personality traits, alexithymia, and resilience differently affected depression, anxiety, and stress. Our results suggest that different psychological interventions should be planned depending on the context: mental health professionals should focus on enhancing the individuals’ coping strategies to alleviate stress in emergencies, while long-term intervention aiming at alleviating anxiety and depressive symptoms should focus on alexithymic tendencies and personality constructs.

新冠疫情（COVID-19 pandemic）大流行期间，全球多国均实施封控措施以遏制病毒传播。已有研究证实，封控举措会对民众心理健康造成负面影响，因此识别出易受疫情冲击的个体心理特征具有重要意义。本研究旨在达成两大目标：其一，通过聚类分析（cluster analysis），明确在新冠居家隔离期间表现出相似心理反应的个体所共有的核心心理特质；其二，探讨人格特质、述情障碍（Alexithymia）与心理韧性（resilience）等不同心理特征，是否会根据封控管控范围的差异，对焦虑、压力与抑郁症状产生特异性影响。
本研究分析了393名参与者的调研数据，所有参与者均完成了针对意大利封控两个不同阶段的在线体验问卷，这两个阶段的封控措施严格程度各不相同。最终通过聚类分析识别出两个群体：分别为对封控表现出更积极情绪反应的(+ER)群体，与表现出更消极情绪反应的(-ER)群体。-ER群体个体的情绪稳定性、心理韧性更低，且述情障碍程度更高。此外，尽管部分防疫限制的解除降低了所有参与者的心理困扰，但仅在高心理韧性群体中观察到感知压力的显著缓解。最后，人格特质、述情障碍与心理韧性对抑郁、焦虑及压力症状的影响存在显著差异。
本研究结果提示，应根据具体场景制定差异化的心理干预方案：心理健康从业者应聚焦于提升个体的应急应对策略，以缓解紧急公共卫生事件中的压力；而针对焦虑与抑郁症状的长期干预，则应关注个体的述情障碍倾向与人格结构。