Microcensus 2017, On-Site, Version 0

The microcensus is an official statistical survey which is carried out annually since 1957 using a representative sample of one percent of the German population and households. In total, about 380,000 households and 820,000 household members participate in the survey. Being designed as a multi-subject survey, the microcensus provides major statistical information about the population structure (including detailed information about migration backgrounds), the framework of families and households as well as employment, income, education and vocational training.
For the majority of questions there is an obligation to provide information. Additionally, a set of questions is subject to voluntary response, including information about subjects such as health, health insurance, housing situation or retirement provisions. The supplementary program is repeated at four-year intervals.
Given its broad range of variables and its large sample size, the microcensus forms an appropriate data base to analyse small subpopulations, as for example single migrant and occupational groups. Detailed regional analyses increasingly gain significance in scientific research, for example with regard to life chances of different social groups. Results of regional analyses can e.g. be displayed on the level of regional adjustment shifts - regional units of on average 500,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the high continuity of the survey design allows for (cross-sectional) analyses over time, by which historical developments can be revealed. Being designed as a rotating panel, the microcensus can as well be used for longitudinal analyses. Finally, the microcensus is also suitable for comparisons in an international context since various subjects are adapted to international standards (e.g. the labour force concept).
Characterized by its large sampling fraction, a variety of subjects and temporal continuity, the microcensus constitutes an important data source for the social sciences.

微普查（microcensus）是一项官方统计调查，自1957年起每年开展一次，以占德国总人口及家庭总数1%的代表性样本实施。本次调查总计约有38万户家庭及82万名家庭成员参与。
作为一项多主题调查，微普查可提供涵盖人口结构（含移民背景的详细信息）、家庭与户的构成情况，以及就业、收入、教育与职业培训等领域的核心统计数据。
绝大多数调查问题为强制填报项。此外，另有部分问题采用自愿填报方式，涵盖健康状况、医疗保险、住房情况及养老保障等主题。该补充调查模块每四年重复一次。
鉴于其丰富的变量维度与庞大的样本规模，微普查可作为合适的数据库支撑，用于分析小型亚人群，例如单个移民群体与职业群体。精细化区域分析在科研领域的重要性与日俱增，例如针对不同社会群体的生活机遇展开研究。区域分析结果可依托区域调整层级进行呈现——该层级对应的区域单元平均规模为50万人口。此外，微普查的调查设计具备高度延续性，可开展跨时间截面分析，从而展现历史发展脉络。由于采用轮换面板（rotating panel）设计，微普查亦可用于纵向追踪分析。最后，微普查还适用于国际语境下的比较研究，因其诸多主题均契合国际统计标准（例如劳动力统计概念）。
凭借较高的抽样比例、多元的调查主题与持续的时序性，微普查已然成为社会科学领域的重要数据来源。