Protoilludane-Type and Related Nor-Sesquiterpenes from <i>Phellinus hartigii</i> and Their Anti-Hypertrophic Activities in Rat Cardiomyocytes

Three nor-sesquiterpenes, phellinharts A–C (1–3), isolated from Phellinus hartigii, exhibited unprecedented protoilludane and cerapicane-type structures. The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated via spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction. Potential biogenic pathways involving demethylation, ring cleavage, and rearrangement were proposed. Compounds 1–3 displayed potent anti-hypertrophic activities with low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM) in rat cardiomyocytes, underscoring their therapeutic potential.从哈蒂氏木层孔菌（Phellinus hartigii）中分离得到的3个去甲倍半萜（nor-sesquiterpenes）类化合物——桑黄菌素A~C（phellinharts A–C，编号1~3），具有前所未有的原艾杜烷（protoilludane）与蜡菊烷（cerapicane）型骨架结构。研究人员通过波谱分析、量子化学计算及X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction）解析了化合物1~3的结构。本工作提出了涉及脱甲基、环裂解与重排的潜在生源合成途径。化合物1~3在大鼠心肌细胞中展现出强效的抗心肌肥大活性，且细胞毒性极低（半数细胞毒性浓度CC50 > 50 μM），凸显了其治疗应用潜力。