NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH SALPINGO-OOPHORITIS COMPLICATED BY PAIN SYNDROME

Salpingo-oophoritis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in gynecological practice and remains an important medical and social problem due to its chronic recurrent course, frequent reproductive complications, and high prevalence among women of reproductive age. The disease is often accompanied by Chronic Pelvic Pain, which significantly worsens quality of life, decreases working ability, and negatively affects psycho-emotional and reproductive health. Chronic inflammatory processes in the uterine appendages contribute to adhesion formation, vascular disorders, immune dysfunction, and sensitization of nociceptive pathways, resulting in persistence of chronic pain syndrome. The purpose of this thesis was to study modern approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of women with salpingo-oophoritis complicated by pain syndrome and to evaluate the clinical significance of comprehensive multimodal therapy. The study analyzed modern scientific data regarding etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Special attention was paid to innovative diagnostic methods including polymerase chain reaction diagnostics, inflammatory biomarker assessment, transvaginal ultrasonography, and Doppler examination of pelvic circulation. The analysis demonstrated that comprehensive diagnostic evaluation allows earlier identification of infectious and vascular inflammatory changes, improves differential diagnosis, and contributes to more accurate assessment of disease severity. Modern therapeutic strategies involving antibacterial therapy combined with immunomodulators, antioxidants, physiotherapy, and multimodal pain management approaches showed higher clinical effectiveness compared with standard treatment alone. Comprehensive therapy contributes to reduction of inflammatory activity, improvement of pelvic microcirculation, prevention of adhesive complications, and significant decrease in chronic pelvic pain intensity.输卵管卵巢炎（Salpingo-oophoritis）是妇科临床最常见的炎性疾病之一；因其呈慢性复发性病程、常引发生殖系统并发症，且在育龄女性中患病率较高，始终是重要的医学与社会公共卫生问题。该病常伴随慢性盆腔痛，可显著降低患者生活质量与劳动能力，对其心理情绪及生殖健康造成不良影响。子宫附件的慢性炎性过程可导致粘连形成、血管功能紊乱、免疫功能异常以及痛觉通路致敏，最终引发慢性疼痛综合征持续存在。本研究的目的为探讨伴疼痛综合征的输卵管卵巢炎患者的现代诊疗方案，并评估综合多模式治疗的临床价值。本研究分析了盆腔器官慢性炎性疾病的病因发病机制、临床表现、诊断方法及治疗策略的现代科学研究数据，重点关注了创新诊断技术，包括聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）检测、炎性生物标志物评估、经阴道超声检查及盆腔血流多普勒检查。分析结果显示，综合诊断评估可更早发现感染性与血管性炎性病变，提升鉴别诊断水平，并有助于更精准地评估疾病严重程度。相较于单一标准治疗，联合应用抗菌药物、免疫调节剂、抗氧化剂、物理治疗及多模式疼痛管理的现代治疗策略，可获得更高的临床疗效。综合治疗可减轻炎症活性、改善盆腔微循环、预防粘连性并发症，并显著缓解慢性盆腔痛的疼痛程度。