Phenotypic rates of change evolutionary and ecological dataset (PROCEED) version 5.0

Wild populations must continuously respond to environmental changes or they risk extinction. Those responses can be measured as phenotypic rates of change which can allow us to predict contemporary adaptive responses, some of which are evolutionary. About two decades ago, a database of phenotypic rates of change in wild populations was compiled. Since then, researchers have used (and expanded) this database to examine phenotypic responses to specific types of human disturbance. Here, we updatedthe database adding 5675 new estimates of phenotypic changes. Using this newer version of the database, now containing 7338 estimates of phenotypic change, we revisit the conclusions of four published articles. We then synthesize the expanded dataset to compare rates of change across different types of human disturbance. Analyses of this expanded database suggests that: I. a small absolute difference in rates of change exists between human disturbed and natural populations, II. harvesting by humans results in higher rates of change than other types of disturbances, III. introduced populations have increased rates of change, and IV. body size does not increase through time. Thus, findings from earlier analyses have largely held-up in analyses of our new database that encompass a much larger breadth of species, traits, and human disturbances. Lastly, we use new analyses to explore how various types of human disturbances affect rates of phenotypic change, and we call for this database to serve as a stepping stone for further analyses to understand patterns of contemporary phenotypic change.

野生种群必须持续响应环境变化，否则将面临灭绝风险。这类响应可通过表型变化速率（phenotypic rate of change）进行量化，借此我们能够预测当代适应性响应，其中部分响应属于进化性响应。约二十年前，研究人员构建了一份涵盖野生种群表型变化速率的数据库。自此之后，研究者利用并持续扩充该数据库，以此探究野生种群对各类人为干扰的表型响应。
本研究对该数据库进行了更新，新增5675条表型变化评估数据。借助这份当前共收录7338条表型变化评估数据的新版数据库，我们重新审视了已发表的4项研究的结论。随后，我们对扩充后的数据集开展综合分析，对比不同类型人为干扰下的表型变化速率。
对该扩充数据库的分析结果显示：其一，人为干扰种群与自然种群的表型变化速率仅存在微小的绝对差异；其二，人类捕捞引发的表型变化速率高于其他类型的干扰；其三，引入种群（introduced population）的表型变化速率有所提升；其四，种群体型并未随时间推移而增大。由此可见，在涵盖更多物种类别、性状类型与人为干扰类型的新版数据库分析中，早期研究的结论大多依然成立。
最后，我们通过全新的分析方法，探究各类人为干扰对表型变化速率的影响，并呼吁将该数据库作为后续研究的基石，以深入解析当代表型变化的规律。