Summary of demographics.

Force plates are amongst the most utilised technological apparatus for monitoring acute changes in neuromuscular function in sports. Practitioners apply monitoring strategies to manage neuromuscular fatigue and physical preparedness with valid, reliable, and sensitive measures. The aim of this scoping review was to identify, map, and describe the variety of monitoring procedures which have been previously applied in research (e.g., test and metric selection, data collection, study design, and data analysis procedures). Searches were completed by 24th June 2024. One thousand, nine hundred, and seventy-eight studies were identified across four databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Clarivate web of science, and Ovid). After removing duplicates, applying the inclusion criteria, and scouring the reference lists of remaining studies, a final total of thirty studies of within-group repeated measures design were used in this review. Major differences were identified across all aspects of studies methodologies, such as in subject demographics (e.g., sex, sport, and competitive level), data collection protocols (e.g., force plate hardware utilised, test and metric selection, verbal cues, and provision of information regarding testing surface, familiarisation and warm-up provided, the process of zeroing force plates between trials, and weighing of subjects during trials), and study design (e.g., reference physical activity investigated, time of season, testing timepoints, and training load determination). A general lack of reporting and uniformity in metric definitions, metric calculations, and phase terminology was identified across studies. For example, two separate calculations were reported for “peak force” across studies, as either “the maximum force achieved throughout the entirety of the trial”, or as “the maximum force achieved during the propulsion phase”. The latter calculation was also utilised for “peak concentric force” in a separate study. Thus, an accurate comparison of results across studies (e.g., via meta-analysis) and forming any generalized conclusions about the application of specific tests and metrics for monitoring acute changes in neuromuscular function using force plates was premature at this time. The information presented in this review will contribute towards forming a rationale for the data collection, study design, and data analysis protocols for future research on monitoring acute changes in neuromuscular function using force plates.

测力台（force plates）是体育运动中用于监测神经肌肉功能急性变化的最常用技术设备之一。运动科研从业者会借助具备有效性、可靠性与敏感性的监测策略，管控神经肌肉疲劳并评估身体备战状态。本次范围综述的目的，在于识别、梳理并描述此前研究中所采用的各类监测流程，例如测试与指标选择、数据采集、研究设计以及数据分析流程。
本研究检索截止至2024年6月24日，共从PubMed、EBSCO、科睿唯安Web of Science、Ovid四大数据库中检索得到1978篇文献。在剔除重复文献、纳入符合标准的研究，并梳理剩余文献的参考文献列表后，最终纳入30项组内重复测量设计的研究用于本次综述。
研究方法各环节均存在显著差异，包括受试者人口学特征（如性别、运动项目与竞技水平）、数据采集方案（如所用测力台硬件、测试与指标选择、口头提示、测试场地信息提供、熟悉环节与热身安排、试次间测力台清零流程，以及试次中受试者体重测量），以及研究设计（如所考察的参照体力活动、赛季时段、测试时间点与训练负荷确定方式）。
各研究在指标定义、指标计算方法以及阶段术语的使用上普遍存在报告缺失与不统一问题。例如，不同研究对“峰值力”的计算存在两种方式：一是“整个试次过程中达到的最大力值”，二是“推进阶段达到的最大力值”；后者还被某一研究用于定义“峰值向心力”。
因此，目前尚无法对不同研究的结果进行精准比较（如通过元分析），也无法就使用测力台监测神经肌肉功能急性变化的特定测试与指标形成普适性结论，此时开展相关研究仍为时过早。本次综述所呈现的信息，将为未来采用测力台监测神经肌肉功能急性变化的研究，在数据采集、研究设计与数据分析流程方面提供理论依据。