Identification, assessment, and quantification of new risks for Logistics 4.0

Logistics 4.0 brands the specific application of Industry 4.0 technologies. Although it is considered to be a significant innovation, contemporary research has raised concerns regarding the potential challenges for its implementation. To our knowledge, no study has conducted an extensive quantitative risk analysis to avoid these new risks and overcome barriers to the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the logistics context. Moreover, a comprehensive study on the implementation of each Industry 4.0 technology at each sub-activity level of the logistics structure is still warranted. This study addresses the aforementioned research gaps. The results of this study reveal that activity Inventory management had the highest drop in performance for most of the companies. Industry 4.0 technologies, such as autonomous robots, simulation, system integration and big data analytics were in the advanced stage of in-process implementation. However, Industry 4.0 technologies, including cyber physical system, internet of things and cloud computing, were in the initial stage of implementation. Technological infrastructure risk was found to have a significant impact on all Industry 4.0 technologies regardless of their maturation stage. The insights drawn through the result analyses and discussion can be used by managers to address new risks to successfully implement Industry 4.0 in logistics.

物流4.0（Logistics 4.0）是工业4.0（Industry 4.0）技术在物流领域的特定应用。尽管其被视作一项重大创新，但当前相关研究已对其落地实施可能面临的潜在挑战提出了关切。据我们所知，目前尚无研究开展大规模定量风险分析，以规避此类新型风险并攻克物流场景下工业4.0技术推广应用的落地障碍。此外，针对物流架构各子活动层级逐一落地工业4.0技术的综合性研究仍有必要开展。本研究正是为填补上述研究空白而开展。本研究结果显示，库存管理（Inventory management）这一业务活动在多数企业中出现了最为显著的性能下滑。自主机器人、仿真技术、系统集成与大数据分析等工业4.0技术已处于实施推进的高级阶段。然而，信息物理系统（Cyber Physical System）、物联网（Internet of Things）与云计算等工业4.0技术则处于实施起步阶段。研究发现，技术基础设施风险对所有工业4.0技术均存在显著影响，无论其成熟度处于何种阶段。通过结果分析与讨论得出的研究结论，可帮助企业管理者应对新型风险，从而在物流场景中成功落地工业4.0技术。