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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes (Exos) and microvesicles (MVs), play a crucial role in intercellular communication and exert various biological activities by delivering specific cargoes of functional molecules, such as RNAs and proteins, to target cells. EVs secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have demonstrated their capacity to replace intact MSCs in tissue repair and regeneration. Induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present a promising alternative to traditional MSCs for producing EVs. This study aimed to establish an alternative source of EVs from iMSCs and compare them with EVs from adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs). Both iMSCs and ADMSCs were expanded under xeno-free culture conditions, and conditioned media were collected for EV isolation and characterization. The effects of the isolated EVs on cellular viability, apoptosis, senescence, and cell migration were evaluated. Results indicated that iMSC-EVs had a larger particle size (~1.5-fold) with no significant differences in morphology or surface markers compared to ADMSC-EVs. Furthermore, both iMSC- and ADMSC-derived EVs significantly increased HDF viability at 48 and 72 hours (p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.05). Both types of EVs significantly reduced apoptosis levels (p ≤ 0.01) in both HDFs and ADMSCs, while having no effect on senescence induction (p > 0.9999). Additionally, iMSC-EVs significantly enhanced ADMSC migration (p < 0.0001), whereas the effect was less pronounced with ADMSC-EVs. iMSC-EVs present a promising and a scalable option for regenerative applications, offering advantages over ADMSC-EVs. However, further investigation is needed to fully understand their effects and underlying mechanisms.

细胞外囊泡（Extracellular vesicles, EVs）涵盖外泌体（exosomes, Exos）与微囊泡（microvesicles, MVs），在细胞间通讯中发挥关键作用，可通过向靶细胞递送RNA、蛋白质等功能性分子载荷，介导多种生物学活性。由人源间充质干细胞（human mesenchymal stem cells, hMSCs）分泌的细胞外囊泡已被证实可替代完整的间充质干细胞，用于组织修复与再生。由诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs）衍生的诱导型间充质干细胞（induced mesenchymal stem cells, iMSCs），为传统间充质干细胞来源的细胞外囊泡生产提供了极具前景的替代方案。本研究旨在建立诱导型间充质干细胞来源的细胞外囊泡替代来源，并将其与脂肪来源间充质干细胞（adipose-derived MSCs, ADMSCs）分泌的细胞外囊泡进行对比。研究人员在无异种成分培养体系下扩增诱导型间充质干细胞与脂肪来源间充质干细胞，并收集条件培养基用于细胞外囊泡的分离与表征。随后评估了所分离的细胞外囊泡对细胞活力、细胞凋亡、细胞衰老及细胞迁移的影响。结果显示，诱导型间充质干细胞来源的细胞外囊泡（iMSC-EVs）粒径更大（约为1.5倍），但在形态与表面标志物方面与脂肪来源间充质干细胞来源的细胞外囊泡（ADMSC-EVs）无显著差异。此外，两类细胞外囊泡在培养48小时与72小时时均可显著提升HDF的细胞活力（p≤0.01，p≤0.05）。两类细胞外囊泡均可显著降低HDF与脂肪来源间充质干细胞的凋亡水平（p≤0.01），但对细胞衰老诱导无显著影响（p>0.9999）。此外，iMSC-EVs可显著促进ADMSCs的迁移（p<0.0001），而ADMSC-EVs的促迁移效果则相对较弱。iMSC-EVs为再生医学应用提供了一种极具前景且可规模化生产的选择，其优势优于ADMSC-EVs。但仍需开展进一步研究以全面阐明其作用效果与潜在分子机制。