Comparison of chromatin accessibility between human and non-human primates

Evolution of transcriptional regulation is thought to be a major cause of the evolution of phenotypic traits. We compared DNase I Hypersensitive sites in fibroblast cells from five primates (human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque). We identified approximately 90,000 DHS sites, of which 59% are not significantly different between species, 27% are differential and likely due to a single evolutionary change, and 14% are differential and likely due to multiple changes. We found that including additional closely related species allows us to better distinguish between accessibility changes that are specific to a single species and those that have experienced changes in chromatin accessibility across multiple species during evolution. DNase-seq of 3 biological replicates from each of 5 species: human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque. Grant ID: HOMINID 0827552 Funding source: NSF Grant title: Genetic Bases for the Evolution of Human Diet Grantee name: Gregory Wray

转录调控的演化被认为是表型性状演化的主要成因。我们比对了5种灵长类动物（人、黑猩猩、大猩猩、红毛猩猩、猕猴）成纤维细胞中的DNase I超敏感位点（DNase I Hypersensitive Sites, DHS）。本研究共鉴定得到约9万个DHS位点，其中59%在物种间无显著差异，27%存在物种间差异且推测仅经历了单次演化改变，剩余14%同样存在物种间差异但推测经历了多次演化改变。研究发现，纳入更多亲缘关系较近的物种，能够帮助我们更好地区分仅在单个物种中发生的染色质开放状态改变，与在演化过程中多个物种均出现的染色质开放状态改变。本研究针对上述5个物种各设置3次生物学重复，进行了DNase-seq测序。资助编号：HOMINID 0827552；资助来源：美国国家科学基金会（NSF）；项目标题：人类饮食演化的遗传基础；项目负责人：Gregory Wray