Subgroup analysis of cognitive flexibility.

BackgroundExecutive function is a core deficit in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study systematically reviewed the evidence for the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on executive function in children and adolescents with ADHD and explored the moderating effects of key variables of PA on executive function.MethodsRelevant literature in four electronic databases, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were systematically searched. Revman 5.4 was used for data analysis, and combined effect sizes, heterogeneity tests, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were calculated. Egger’s test in Stata 15.0 was used for publication bias testing.ResultsA total of 24 articles with 914 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that PA interventions improved inhibitory control (SMD = -0.50, 95%CI [-0.71, -0.29], P ConclusionPA interventions had positive effects on improvements in core executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD and were influenced by intervention intensity, type of motor skill, sessions of PA, and amount of exercise. This has practical implications for the formulation of PA interventions programs.

研究背景：执行功能（Executive Function）是注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD）儿童的核心缺损症状。本研究系统梳理了体育活动（Physical Activity, PA）干预对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年执行功能的影响证据，并探讨了体育活动关键变量对执行功能的调节效应。
研究方法：本研究系统检索了PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆及Embase四大电子数据库中的相关文献。采用RevMan 5.4软件开展数据分析，计算合并效应量、异质性检验、亚组分析及敏感性分析；使用Stata 15.0的Egger检验进行发表偏倚检测。
研究结果：最终纳入24项相关研究，共包含914名受试者。Meta分析结果显示，体育活动干预可改善抑制控制能力（标准化均数差（Standardized Mean Difference, SMD）=-0.50，95%置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）[-0.71, -0.29]，P
研究结论：体育活动干预对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年的核心执行功能提升具有积极作用，且干预强度、运动技能类型、体育活动频次及运动总量均会对干预效果产生调节影响。该研究结果可为体育活动干预方案的制定提供实践参考价值。